【題目】閱讀理解
C
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
（1）The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
（2）Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
（3）What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A.The overuse of vaccine.
B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
（4）What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】文章介紹了曾經(jīng)致命且?guī)缀跸Я说穆檎钤诮陙?lái)卷土重來(lái)，究其原因，是少數(shù)人拒絕注射疫苗，導(dǎo)致了自己及其他人的健康受損，作者借此呼吁每個(gè)人都注射麻疹疫苗．
1）A 推理判斷題．結(jié)合文意，文章第一段通過(guò)介紹今年和去年的美國(guó)麻疹病例數(shù)量試圖證明麻疹正在回潮，即使數(shù)量少，也要引起注意；而第二段則介紹了 herd immunity （群體免疫）以及為第三段群體免疫不成立的條件鋪墊，也就是為了證明團(tuán)體中少部分人有病癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致全體免疫的崩潰．綜合來(lái)看，第一第二段的主旨句為第二段第一句 The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend．A項(xiàng)意為"少量麻疹病例可能導(dǎo)致危險(xiǎn)的趨勢(shì)"，符合題意．B項(xiàng)意為"麻疹的爆發(fā)引起了公眾注意"．文中并未提及麻疹的爆發(fā)，而只是說(shuō)有少量的麻疹病例，我們不能忽視．故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．C項(xiàng)意為"反疫苗行動(dòng)有醫(yī)學(xué)解釋"．第一第二段所提及的醫(yī)學(xué)解釋即群體免疫是為了證明反疫苗行動(dòng)的不合理性的．故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．D項(xiàng)意為"關(guān)于麻疹的消息快速傳播"．文中表達(dá)為 misinformation that is spreading quickly，是關(guān)于麻疹的錯(cuò)誤消息．故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為A．
2）C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中第三段第一句 herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in 可知需要群體中所有人參與才能形成群體免疫力C項(xiàng)意為"整個(gè)社區(qū)都參與"，符合文中題意．A項(xiàng)意為"允許豁免"，B項(xiàng)意為"多種疫苗同時(shí)使用"，D項(xiàng)意為"州立法添加新條例"，均不符合題意．故正確答案為C．
3）D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中第一段第二句 caused by a growing anti﹣vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly 可知麻疹回潮的原因是抵制疫苗和錯(cuò)誤消息，D項(xiàng)意為"一些人決定拒絕疫苗"，符合題意．A項(xiàng)意為"疫苗過(guò)度使用"，B項(xiàng)意為"醫(yī)療保護(hù)的缺乏"，C項(xiàng)意為"麻疹本身特性"，均不符合文意．故正確答案為D．
4）C 意圖判斷題．文章通過(guò)描述群體免疫效應(yīng)以及群體免疫不成立條件論證集體接受疫苗的重要性．故C項(xiàng)符合文意．A項(xiàng)意為"介紹例外性的概念"，文章抵制疫苗接種的例外性，故A項(xiàng)不符合文意．B項(xiàng)意為"討論治療麻疹的方法"，文章并沒(méi)有羅列多種方法，而只是強(qiáng)調(diào)疫苗接種．故B項(xiàng)不符合文意．D項(xiàng)意為"呼吁醫(yī)療平等"，文章并未提到醫(yī)療平等問(wèn)題．故D項(xiàng)不符合文意．故正確答案為C．

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