When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned .The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.
2.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A.predict natural disasters B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally D.help their neighbors when necessary
4.what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The word is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before
C.The world is more complex than it seems
D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.
科目：高中英語 來源：云南省2017屆高考適應性月考（八）英語試卷（有答案） 題型：完形填空
Please Beat Me
I once had the opportunity to meet Dan Miller, an Amish neighbor of mu dad. He told me that years ago my dad had______to him that his apple trees looked beautiful but weren’t producing any apples. After listening______, Dan told my dad to go home, grab a hammer and give his trees a severe beating around the________He said they needed to have something to______them up-that life had been too______and they needed a challenge to come alive. While this seemed contrary ____the careful fertilizing, watering and nurturing my dad had been giving his prized trees, he ____the wisdom of his Amish neighbor.
The next year the trees produced so heavily that my dad saw branches______under the weight of the number of apples. With a little research I now find that this is a______approach. We know that roses,_______left to themselves, will grow leaves but few_______ The best way to get them to produce what they are______to do is to cut them back severely and annually ____ growing roots.
Is there a_______in this for us? Every day I hear from people who have had all the______—famous university degrees, fine homes, cars and positions. And they suspect the easy life they’ve been given is keeping them from the_______of adventure that would release the best version of themselves.
Are you taking the “______” route in life to avoid the stresses and challenges that are trying to release your biggest______?
And no, you probably don’t need to find someone to______you or to create a stressful situation in your life. I know that in mine, those things have just______consistently. But I hope I’m getting smarter in seeing “What does this make possible?”
1.A. complained B. suggested C. explained D. reported
2.A. angrily B. gladly C. anxiously D. carefully
3.A. root B. trunk C. branch D. field
4.A. cut B. bring C. wake D. send
5.A. easy B. long C. hard D. busy
6.A. with B. to C. for D. in
7.A. proved B. doubted C. trusted D. learned
8.A. hanging B. waving C. flying D. breaking
9.A. crazy B. mysterious C. strange D. common
10.A. if B. because C. unless D. though
11.A. fruits B. roses C. grasses D. bushes
12.A. approved B. scheduled C. expected D. exposed
13.A. put down B. dig up C. pull out D. cut off
14.A. lesson B. skill C. secret D. fact
15.A. chances B. advantages C. results D. concerns
16.A. course B. price C. challenge D. danger
17.A. rough B. short C. familiar D. safe
18.A. harvest B. courage C. emotion D. knowledge
19.A. comfort B. support C. love D. beat
20.A. sorted out B. left out C. shown up D. set down
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科目：高中英語 來源：寧夏2014-2015學年高一下學期第三次月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
The Internet and the World Web (網) are great places to be right now. We use the word "place" because so many of the things you can do online are similar to the things you can do wherever people gather together－in homes , schools , libraries , shopping centers , or at family reunions（團聚）or town meetings. The Net allows people to learn shop, find important information, and communicate, whether they're local, global or simply virtual (虛的) .
The Web is useful. You can find old friends online. You can research and book flights, check the weather, find breaking news, find out information about schools and colleges. You can even place an order for books, CDs, computers and cars.
The Internet is also fun. You can write to old friends or check out their web pages, enjoy web - based soap operas, laugh at online jokes, join in a live Net Event, chat with other Internet surfers(漫游者) , check to see if your name appears anywhere on the Web .
Millions of users log on to the Net every day, and it's not just to do research. There's a lot of fun there. That's one reason why it's called web "surfing".
Of course, the first step to using the Web for business or for fun is learning how to work a "web browser"（瀏覽器）. If you're new to computers, it may take a while before you are completely comfortable with your browser. Don't worry. You don't have to be a computer whiz（專家）. The basics of a web browser are very much like the basics of modem computers
—learning how to point and click the mouse, learning how to scroll（滾動） up and down a page of text, and learning how to use pull - down menus. Again, be patient. There's no time limit on web surfing . Give yourself a chance to explore (探索) the browser itself while you explore the Web.
1.The writer compares the Web to ______.
A. places to visit B. places to gather together in
C. some easy job D. things you can do online
2.We can learn from the text that the Web is not only ______ but also
A. of great use; of great value B. of great use; of great enjoyment
C. useful; funny D. of some use; of a little interest
3.To use the Web, all we have to do is to learn how to_______ .
A. use the computer mouse B. scroll up and down a page of text
C. use pull- down menus D. all the above
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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（浙江卷正式版） 題型：書面表達
假定你是李華，計劃組織一次郊游，請給你的英國朋友Chris寫封郵件邀請他參加。內容包括：
1.參加者；
2.時間、地點；
3.活動：登山、野餐等。
注意：
1.詞數80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第二節(jié) 讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）
閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled ( 騎行)
along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all,but a wolf:, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's
bike, tearing open his tent hag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase（追趕）。
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to show down. He was a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that manfen5 once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數應為150左右；
2. 應使用5個以上短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語；
3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段開頭語已為你寫好；
4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。
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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（全國卷2正式版） 題型：書面表達
假定你是李華，想邀請邀請外教Henry一起參觀中國剪紙（paper-cutting）藝術展。請給他寫封郵件，內容包括：
1.展覽時間、地點；
2.展覽內容。
注意：
1.詞數100左右；
2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
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科目：高中英語 來源：甘肅省天水市2016-2017學年高二下學期第二學段考試英語試卷 Word版含答案 題型：短文改錯
文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加: 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧）, 并在其下寫出該加的詞。
刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改: 在錯的詞下劃一橫線, 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處, 多者（從第11處起）不計分。
Are you looking for something interested? Would you like to give a hand to other people in your spare time? Then joining us and be a volunteer! We have job for people of all ages. Anyone from students to old people can become ours members. You can help people in many ways. Some schools need volunteers to help take the care of children. Volunteers are needed in hospitals help the patients. Animal lovers can help save dogs and cats without homes. There is nothing for everyone. “I often played computer games when I was freely before. Now I help old people learn to use computers，” said a volunteer aged 18. Unless everyone helps out a lot, we'll all have better and warmer world to live in.
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科目：高中英語 來源：甘肅省天水市2016-2017學年高二下學期第二學段考試英語試卷 Word版含答案 題型：閱讀理解
There are many superstitions(迷信) in Britain, but one of the most widelyheld is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means stepping off the pavement into a busy street!
①Walking under a ladder
If you must walk under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you've seen a dog. Alternatively, you must lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried.
②Umbrella
Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will either bring misfortune to the person that opened it or to the household. The superstition could date from the old time when its purpose was to act as a sunshade. If opened indoors, it might be considered to be an attack on the sun. Anyone opening an umbrella indoors in fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!
③Number 13
The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid an inauspicious event had better stay indoors.
④Seven years bad luck
The worst misfortune that can befall you is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.
⑤Black cat
In the UK, black cats are generally considered lucky in the UK, even though they are connected with witchcraft(巫術)：You are said to be lucky if a black cat crosses your path.
1.Which experience is considered to be lucky according to the passage?
A. walking under a ladder
B. opening an umbrella in the house
C. breaking a mirror
D. a black cat crossing your path
2.Which of the followings is RIGHT in UK according to the passage?
A. Opening an umbrella in the rain is not acceptable or unpopular.
B. Black cats are generally considered unlucky because they have something with witchcraft.
C. Bad luck brought by walking under a ladder cannot be avoided using certain ways.
D. If you are to open a clothes store on May 13 in Britain, you had better change the date.
3.Which two superstitions are related to history?
A. ①② B. ②④
C. ④⑤ D. ③④
4.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. breaking a mirror will cause bad luck because it shows your disrespect(不敬)for the God
B. crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed can help avoid bad luck brought by walking under a ladder
C. number 13 is always unlucky in any situation
D. opening an umbrella indoors might be considered to be an attack on the sun
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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷正式版） 題型：完形填空
Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very 37 .She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could 38 ,but,of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解決)the problem of homelessness.
Later,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 39 an old shopping trolley（購物車）which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t 43 as bad.
Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to 44 her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation ,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 45 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 46 to the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone’s spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada`s 48 and homeless.
There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah`s Place”, something that Hannah is very 49 of. Hannah`s Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 . For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world. But 53 all this, Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world. You can,too!
1.A. jumpingB. eating C. cryingD. waving
2.A. annoyedB. nervousC. ashamedD. upset
3.A. behaveB. manageC. helpD. work
4.A. pushingB. carryingC. buyingD. holding
5.A. goodsB. bottlesC. foodsD. bags
6.A. excitedB. determinedC. energeticD. grateful
7.A. sinceB. unlessC. althoughD. as
8.A. soundB. getC. feelD. look
9.A. exchangeB. leaveC. keep D. spread
10.A. sellB. deliverC. hostD. pack
11.A. contributeB. leadC. applyD. agree
12.A. campaignB. tripC. procedureD. trial
13.A. elderlyB. hungryC. lonelyD. sick
14.A. awareB. afraidC. proudD. sure
15.A. goingB. sleepingC. travelingD. playing
16.A. praisesB. invitationsC. repliesD. appointments
17.A. needsB. interestsC. dreamsD. efforts
18.A. forB. throughC. besidesD. along
19.A. healthyB. publicC. normalD. tough
20.A. choiceB. profitC. judgementD. difference
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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（天津卷正式版） 題型：聽力第一部分
My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A． daren’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t
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