【題目】The decade of the “young old” begins

The year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”，【1】. The height of the baby boom, the period of high fertility in rich countries after the second world war, was 1955-60. one might therefore expect peak retirement for baby-boomers in the coming years — except that they are not retiring. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the boomers, in their new guise as the young old, will change the world.

【2】: of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health.

【3】: between 1989 and 2013, the median wealth of families headed by someone over 62 in America rose by 40% to $210,000, while the wealth of all other age groups declined. The over-60s are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.

【4】. In 2016 just over a fifth of people aged 65-69 were in work in rich countries, a figure that is rising fast. Many bosses and HR departments think productivity falls with age, but a German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive decline associated with old age and have a cognitive capacity of someone a year and a half younger.

【5】. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren.

A. The yold are also better off

B. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people

C. The yold are both young and old

D. as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75

E. Health worsens with age, but the yold are resisting the decline better than most

F. The yold are busier, too

G. The yold can’t resist aging

【答案】

【1】D

【2】E

【3】A

【4】F

【5】B

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為2020年將是“青老年”時(shí)代的開始，一代青老年不再是傳統(tǒng)意義上的老年人。他們正在挑戰(zhàn)對退休老人的傳統(tǒng)印象：穿著拖鞋在家照顧孫子孫女。他們會顛覆消費(fèi)、服務(wù)和金融市場。

【1】在設(shè)空句前作者提出了the yold這個自己新造的詞，然后用了the “young old”來解釋它，接著為了讓讀者更明白這一詞匯含義，他應(yīng)該再進(jìn)行解釋，選項(xiàng)D：日本人稱呼65歲至75歲的人為青老年，是對作者新造的詞的舉例解釋，前后內(nèi)容符合邏輯，故選D。

【2】根據(jù)文章體裁特點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)該是論點(diǎn)，句后段落內(nèi)容是對設(shè)空句論點(diǎn)的闡述。這一段的內(nèi)容是：據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，富裕國家人均壽命延長了3.7年，人們在其中的3.2年里健康狀況都相當(dāng)良好。這些數(shù)據(jù)是青老年人健康下降程度小的論據(jù)。選項(xiàng)E：健康狀況通常會隨著年齡的增長而下降，但青老年健康下降程度最小。選項(xiàng)E是論點(diǎn)，與段落內(nèi)容一致，故選E。

【3】根據(jù)文章體裁特點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)該是論點(diǎn)，句后段落內(nèi)容是對設(shè)空句論點(diǎn)的闡述。這一段的內(nèi)容是：在1989至2013年間，62歲以上美國老人家庭財(cái)富中位數(shù)增長了40%，達(dá)到21萬美元，而所有其他年齡組財(cái)富都在下降。60歲以上的人群對旅游業(yè)至關(guān)重要，原因在于相比年青人，他們在出國旅游方面支出更多。這些內(nèi)容就是青老年人占據(jù)更多財(cái)富，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況在提高的論據(jù)。選項(xiàng)A：青老年一代經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況也不錯。選項(xiàng)A是論點(diǎn)，與段落內(nèi)容一致，故選A。

【4】根據(jù)文章體裁特點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)該是論點(diǎn)，句后段落內(nèi)容是對設(shè)空句論點(diǎn)的闡述。這一段的內(nèi)容是：2016年，富裕國家中65-69歲的人僅有五分之一在工作，但這一數(shù)字正迅速增長。工作是幫助人們更長時(shí)間保持健康的因素之一。德國一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過正常退休年齡仍在工作的人，能夠減緩與老年相關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力下降，而且認(rèn)知能力不比小他們一歲半的人低。也就是說青老年人中有更多人在工作而不是退休，工作和忙碌讓他們更健康。這是論據(jù)，與段落內(nèi)容一致，選項(xiàng)F：青老年也更忙碌。選項(xiàng)F是論點(diǎn)，符合語境，故選F。

【5】設(shè)空句為文章末段，是對文章的總結(jié)，選項(xiàng)B開頭的In short(總之，簡而言之)有總結(jié)的意思。文章的標(biāo)題是迎來“青老年時(shí)代”，作者通過設(shè)空句的上文分幾個方面論證了青老年不再是傳統(tǒng)意義上的老年人，選項(xiàng)B正是這一論點(diǎn)的總結(jié)性的表述，故選B。

七選五題型中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的文章體裁是說明文，議論文比較少見，在做議論文體裁的七選五時(shí)，更要特別關(guān)注設(shè)空句所在位置。議論文中中心論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)常位于文章的開頭、結(jié)尾和段落的開頭或結(jié)尾。而論據(jù)和論證會跟在論點(diǎn)后，所以可以根據(jù)設(shè)空句在文章中的位置先判定設(shè)空句是論點(diǎn)、論證還是論據(jù)，再根據(jù)論點(diǎn)是作者觀點(diǎn)，論據(jù)是支撐論點(diǎn)的材料，論證是組織論據(jù)，證明論點(diǎn)來進(jìn)行選定。本題中的第2，3，4小題，設(shè)空句皆為段首句，根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容可知，設(shè)空句是分論點(diǎn)，據(jù)此將七個選項(xiàng)中與各段落論據(jù)、論證相匹配的內(nèi)容選定即可。

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