Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children．If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you．Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children．Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions．Ms Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated（支配）developmental psychology for almost half a century．
Ms Harris’s attack on the development talists “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce（加強）doubts that the profession was already having．If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer（同齡人）group in childhood and adolescence．Ms Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak．But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for．Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxedly, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous．Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more．
Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely．Young adults may, as Ms Harris argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries．But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood．Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and people’s child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did．So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically．Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook．
1．According to Ms．Harris, ．
A．parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their children
B．children’s personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors
C．nature rather than upbringing has a significant effect on children’s personality development
D．parents will greatly affect the children’s life in the long run
2．The word “ditched”（Line1, Para．4）could best be replaced by ．
A．proved B．emphasized
C．compared D．ignored
3．The developmental psychologists think ．
A．children are more influenced by their peers
B．identical twins raised in the same home are different in personality
C．twins raised in two separate families are different in personality
D．upbringing has a less significant effect on children’s personality development
4．According to Paragraph 3, we know that ．
A．it is easier for children to gain a language at home
B．it is harder to follow the effects of parental upbringing
C．immigrant children avoid speaking the same way as their parents at school
D．it is proved that peers have a greater effect on children’s qualities
5．What does the author mean by saying “parents are not completely off the book” at the end of the passage?
A．Parents should control the situation．
B．Parents should give their way to children．
C．Parents should spend more time on children．
D．Parents should take on their responsibility．
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
THIS was the year the Earth struck back.
Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, snow storms, landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter of a million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.
"It just seemed like it was back-to-back and it came in waves," said Craig Fugate, who heads the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.
And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.
Even though many catastrophes have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and weird（古怪的） year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.
Poor construction and development practices conspire to make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable（脆弱的） buildings in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river breaches, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.
Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes "are pretty much constant," said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. "All the change that's made is man-made."
The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people - many of them living in poverty - and more poorly built shanties than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.
In February, an earthquake that was more than 500 times stronger than the one that struck Haiti hit an area of Chile that was less populated, better constructed, and not as poor. Chile's bigger quake caused fewer than 1,000 deaths.
Climate scientists say Earth's climate also is changing, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.
In the summer, one weather system caused oppressive heat in Russia, while farther south it caused flooding in Pakistan that inundated 161,200 square kilometers, about the size of Wisconsin. That single heat-and-storm system killed almost 17,000 people, more people than all the worldwide airplane crashes in the past 15 years.
Scientists have calculated that the killer Russian heat wave—setting a national record of 43.9℃—would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.
What is responsible for the most human deaths in 2010?
A．Natrual disasters. B．Terrorist attacks.
C．Poor buildings. D．Too rapid developrnent.
According to Andreas Schraft, .
A．earthquakes are happening more often because of human beings
B．earthquakes are causing more damage because of human beings
C．stronger houses should be built to limit storm damage
D．Port—au—Prince is now overpopulated
The main point of the article is to
A．list the natural disasters that occurred in 2010
B．give the details of some natural disasters of 2010
C．warn that more natural disasters are to strike
D．blame humanity for not helping those affected by the disasters
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
My sister and I grew up in a little village in England．Our father was a struggling ___36___， but I always knew he was ___37___．He never criticized us, but used ___38___ to bring out our best．He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish．If you don’t give them water, they die．”I ___39___ as a child I said something ___40___ about somebody, and father said,“___41___ time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you．”He explained that if I looked for the best ___42___ people, I would get the best ___43___．From then on I’ve always tried to ___44___ the principle in my life and later in running my company．
Dad’s also always been very ___45___．At 15, I started a magazine．It was ___46___ a great deal of time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a ___47__: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine．
I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, ___48___ any good father would．When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad ___49__ me to go into law．And I’ve ___50___ regretted it．I wanted to be a biologist, ___51__ I didn’t pursue my ___52__．You know what you want．Go fulfill it．”
As ___53__ turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national ___54__ for young people in the U．K．My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ___55__ me．
A．biologist B．manager C．layer D．gardener
A．strict B．honest C．special D．learned
A．praise B．courage C．power D．warmth
A．think B．imagine C．remember D．guess
A．unnecessary B．unkind C．unimportant D．unusual
A．Another B．Some C．Any D．Other
A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．a(chǎn)bout
A．in case B．by turns C．by chance D．in return
A．revise B．set C．review D．follow
A．understanding B．experienced C．serious D．demanding
A．taking up B．making up C．picking up D．keeping up
A．suggestion B．decision C．notice D．choice
A．a(chǎn)nd B．a(chǎn)s C．even if D．a(chǎn)s if
A．helped B．a(chǎn)llowed C．persuaded D．suggested
A．a(chǎn)lways B．never C．seldom D．a(chǎn)lmost
A．rather B．but C．for D．therefore
A．promise B．task C．belief D．dream
A．this B．he C．it D．that
A．newspaper B．magazine C．program D．project
A．controlled B．comforted C．reminded D．raised
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年四川省雅安中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：完型填空
My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1, but I always knew he was 2 . He never criticized us, but used 3 to bring out our best. He’d say,” If you pout water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I 4 as a child I said something 5 about somebody, and my father said, “ 6 time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best 7 people, I would get the best 8 . From then on I’ve always tried to 9 the principle in my life and later in running my company.
Dad’s also always been very 10 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 11 a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 12: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.
I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, 13 any good father would. When he realized I Had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 14 me to go into law. And I’ve 15 regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 16 I didn’t pursue my 17 . You know what you want. Go fulfill(實現(xiàn)) it.”
As 18 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 19 for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’ d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 20 me.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年三峽高中高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語卷 題型：完型填空
閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, the sports of canoe (劃船) racing was added to the list of international competition. The 31 team in the four-man canoe race was the United States team. One member of that team was a young man named Bill Havens.
As the time for the Olympics 32 , it became clear that Bill’s wife would give birth to their first child at about the 33 that the U.S. team would be competing in the Pairs games. In 1924 there were no planes form Paris to the United States, only 34 ships. Bill found himself in a dilemma (左右為難的困境).
Bill’s wife insisted that he go to Paris. 35 , competing in the Olympics was a lifelong dream. But Bill felt 36 and, after much soul-searching, decided to remain home, where he could 37 his wife when the child arrived. He considered being at her 38 his highest priority (優(yōu)先考慮的事), even higher than going to Paris to fulfill his 39 .
The team won the gold medal in Paris. And Bill’s wife was 40 in giving birth to their child. 41 , Bill could have competed in the event and returned home 42 to be with he when she gave birth.
People said, “What a shame!” But Bill said he had no 43 . For the rest of his life, he 44 he had made the better decision.
Bill Havens knew what was most important to him. Not everybody 45 that out. Not everybody has the strength to say no to something he or she truly 46 in order to say yes to something that truly 47 . Peace begins to 48 our lives when we learn to say yes to the things that really matter.
Twenty eight years later, Bill 49 a telegram. It was from Finland, where the 1952 Olympics were being held. The telegram read, “Dad, I won. I’m bringing home the gold medal you 50 while waiting for me to be born.”
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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011新疆農(nóng)七師高級中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期中英語試題實驗班 題型：閱讀理解
The gray-haired lady can’t wait to leave the building to search for her dad .Unless watched ,she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father ,who died 30years ago.
Not all cases of Alzheimer’s disease look like this ,but Alzheimer’s is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75.
It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer’s .In the early stages ,people may exhibit short term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality , easy to be angry .As the disease progresses ,patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs.
While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain’s nerve fibers （神經(jīng)纖維）,their effect is certain .Alzheimer’s destroys not only the patients ,but also spouses（配偶）,friends and families.
What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Though many reasons other than Alzheimer’s disease may cause memory loss ,its
early diagnosis（診斷）and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects.
What feeling will you likely experience should a loved one suffer from Alzheimer’ s disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock ,anger ,and so on. If the spouse develops the disease ,you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn’t remember you are married.
Life for the Alzheimer’s patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses ,bringing a deep sorrow ,loss and even anger towards God .No matter what feelings are present ,facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them.
1..
What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired day?
A．She has been living with her father. B．She was sad about the death of her father.
C．She can’t search for her father without being watched.
D．She suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.
2..
．When people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease , ________.
A．their families and friends will suffer from the same disease
B．their families and friends will experience mental sufferings
C．they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years
D．they will forget everybody but their spouses
3..
．Memory loss occurs ________.
A．from Alzheimer’s disease and nothing else
B．from sadness ,shock ,anger ,and so on
C．for a number of reasons D．with changes in personality
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