Question

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(嘗試) increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

1.What the main idea of Paragraph 1

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.“

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

2.The author explains the law of overlearning by

A. presenting research findings

B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison

D. using examples

3.According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is

A. a result of overlearning

B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems

D. a basic step towards advanced studies

4.What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It's helpful only in a limited way.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory.

D. It increases students' learning interest.

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

試題分析: 本文主要講述了過度學習，并列舉了多個有關的事例來證明overlearning的學習效果和作用。

1.A 段落大意。根據(jù)文章的第一段的Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知文章講得是成年人常常驚嘆他們非常好的記著兒時學過的東西。C、D斷章取義，講得太具體，B項錯誤，因為那是過度學習的結(jié)果，不是兒時記憶力好，所以A正確。

2.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.說明作者是通過舉例說明的方法來解釋這個原理的，故D正確。

3.A 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知學會使用乘法口訣也是overlearning 的一個結(jié)果。故A正確。

4.B 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突擊學習)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知cramming (突擊學習)的效果只能延續(xù)很短的時間，所以說只在有限的方面起作用,故D正確。

考點：教育類閱讀。