Question

1．How is it that siblings （兄弟姐妹） can turn out so differently？One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family．The first-born is，for a while，an only child，and therefore has completely different experience of the parents than those born later．The next child is，for a while，the youngest，until the situation is changed by a new arrival．The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up，too．One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years； another might be raised in a family crisis，with a disappointed mother or an angry father．
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918．But more recently，researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each other's lives．Dr．Annette Henderson says that first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings．The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents．On the other hand，later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents，but instead they learn lessons from bigger brothers and sisters，obtaining entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me"．
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings．A 2003 research paper studied adolescents f rom 185 families over two years，finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful．

56．What makes siblings turn out differently？（No more than 4 words）the different growing-up situation
57．When does the situation of the second child change？（No more than 5 words）after another baby is born
58．Why do first-borns pick up vocabulary more quickly？（No more than 8 words）Because they have more one-on-one time with parents
59．In which way do later-borns mainly acquire language development？（N o more than 6 words）By learning from their bigger/older siblings
60．Who are more likely to make themselves different from their siblings？（No more than 7 words）Children seeking more attention from parents．

Answer 1

分析 短文大意：同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格為何不同？那是因為他們生活于不同的家庭環(huán)境：對于父母的體驗，第一個出生的孩子與以后出生的孩子會迥然不同；在語言發(fā)展上，后出生的孩子更喜歡向哥哥姐姐學習而不是向父母學習．

解答 56．the different growing-up situation  根據(jù)文章第一段One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family可知兄弟姐妹的生活環(huán)境不一樣，因此他們的性格會不同．
57．a(chǎn)fter another baby is born 根據(jù)文章第一段中The next child is，for a while，the youngest，until the situation is changed by a new arrival可知直到另一個孩子出生時第二個矮子的情況才會改變．
58．Because they have more one-on-one time with parents 根據(jù)文章第二段Dr．Annette Henderson says that first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings．The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents可知第一個孩子可以與父母有一對一的相處，因此他們學習詞匯更快．
59．By learning from their bigger/older siblings 根據(jù)文章第二段后半部分內(nèi)容On the other hand，later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents，but instead they learn lessons from bigger brothers and sisters，obtaining entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me"可知后來出生的孩子主要向他們的哥哥姐姐學習語言．
60．Children seeking more attention from parents  根據(jù)文章第三段One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings可知那些從父母那里尋求更多關注的孩子是自己與其他兄弟姐妹更多不同．

點評 閱讀表達題主要考查考生對整篇文章的把握和理解，這類題目要求考生具備較高的閱讀及語言表達能力，考生在整體閱讀的基礎上，結合所涉及的題目，鎖定問題所在段落，然后根據(jù)要求歸納概括出答案．