Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16- to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence, We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seem to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
【小題1】 The passage is mainly about          .

A．babies’ understanding of objectsB．effects of experiments on babies
C．babies’ sense of sightD．different tests on babies’ feelings
【小題2】 In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object         .
A．still existsB．keeps its shapeC．still stays solidD．is beyond reach
【小題3】. What did Bower use in his experiments?
A．A chair.B．A screen.C．A film.D．A box.
【小題4】. Which of the following statements is true?
A．The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B．The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C．The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D．The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.


【小題1】A
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：
【小題1】A文章理解題。前兩段講的是兒童能否認(rèn)識(shí)到objects are solid"物體實(shí)體性"（第一段第一句引出），后兩段講的是兒童能否認(rèn)識(shí)到object permanence“物體永存性”（第三段第一句引出）。都是講兒童對(duì)物體的認(rèn)識(shí)，所以選A。  
【小題2】A第三段開始講object permanence；答案從第三段開始找，文章說the box will still be there when we come back. 同義代換知道選A。
【小題3】B實(shí)驗(yàn)用到了ball、toy train 、screen。所以選B。
【小題4】D.A文章沒講sense of direction，B文章沒講喜好問題，C，最后一段原文說The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train.所以是older babies尋找，而非選項(xiàng)中的The younger babies 。D其實(shí)是第二段的概括，第二段中講給兒童個(gè)real ball，然后又給他們影像虛擬的球，結(jié)果兒童還是伸手去摸而且表情很驚訝，說明他們誤以為是真實(shí)的球了。 所以選D
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文主要講了嬰兒對(duì)不同物體的理解。本文的難點(diǎn)在于考生對(duì)文章所講述的內(nèi)容不熟悉，有一定的理解方面的障礙，要求考生在閱讀的時(shí)候，仔細(xì)從上下文的角度來推敲一些不熟悉的詞的意思，減少文字方面的障礙。本文以推理題的考查為主，推斷題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；

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