In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple cameras. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
　　The next important date in the history! of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
　　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to cary lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
　　Mathew Brady was a well - known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life - like and full of personality （個性）.
　　Brady was also the first preson to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
　　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography... Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls（卷）. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
　　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures" snapshot".
　　Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.
　　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
　　小題1:The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the inventoin of cameras
B．a(chǎn) kind of new art - photography
C．the development of photography
D．the important dates in the history of photography
　　　小題2:The first pictures of a war were taken by________.
A．a(chǎn) French photographer in the 1840s
B．a(chǎn)n American photographer in the 1860s
C．a(chǎn) German reporter in the 1880s
D．a(chǎn) French artist in the 1890s
　　小題3:Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.
A．take anything they like
B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous
D．show ideas and feeling in pictures
　
　小題1:C
　小題2:B
　小題3:D

　小題1:本文是關(guān)于照像技術(shù)的發(fā)展史，故答案為C。
　　　小題2:本文第六段為答案。
　　　小題3:最后一段即為答案。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As De Witt Wallace lay in bed recovering from injuries that he unfortunately came by in World War I, he found there was a wealth of interesting information to read. Realizing few people would have the time to get through all this information, he knew exactly what to do. In 1920, this young American submitted a sample magazine containing shortened articles to publishers across America. However, all turned him down.
Undeterred, De Witt and his new bride Lila Bell Acheson published the first issue of Reader’s Digest in February 1922. Working from home, the Wallaces printed 5,000 copies, which were sold by mail to 1,500 people and priced at 25 cents. From these humble beginnings grew the world’s most widely–read magazine.
The magazine became popular and, by 1935, sales topped one million. In 1938, the first international edition was published in the United Kingdom. During World War Ⅱ, editions were published for the first time in Latin America and Sweden. After the war Reader’s Digest moved into Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa and Switzerland. In 1950, Reader’s Digest published its shortened Books (now known as Select Editions in Australia). In 1959, music, the first non–print product line, was introduced. In 1962, Reader’s Digest revolutionized direct mail by introducing easy–to–enter Sweepstakes and a year later the first Reader’s Digest general book was published. In 1986, video was added to the Reader’s Digest product line.
In 1973, the Wallaces gave up active management of Reader’s Digest. De Witt died in 1981, aged 91; Lila in 1984, aged 94. With no heirs(繼承人) to the Wallace empire to take control, Reader’s Digest became a public company in the early 1990s and is now headed by a Chief Executive Office and Chairman of the Board.
小題1:What is the purpose of De Witt Wallace creating the earliest magazine?
A．To become wealthy. B．To offer people information.
C．To heal the wounds from the war.D．To turn down uninteresting stories.
小題2:When did De Will make his first trial of the magazine?
A．Before World War I.B．In 1920.C．In 1922.D．In 1935.
小題3:What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs?
A．The first issue of Reader’s Digest.
B．The first trial of De Witt Wallace’s dream.
C．De Witt Wallace’s character and marriage.
D．The humble beginnings of Reader’s Digest.
小題4:Which of the following is the right order for the history of Reader’s Digest?
a．The Select Edition came out.
b．The Wallaces retired from the management of Reader’s Digest.
c．The magazine sold over million copies.
d．The product line was improved by means of videos.
e．Editions in other languages were published.
A．c — e — a — b — dB．e — a — c — b — d
C．c — e — a — d — bD．a(chǎn) — c — e — d — b
小題5:What can be known about Reader’s Digest from the passage?
A．Reader’s Digest only published shortened or general books.
B．After World War ⅡReader’s Digest was published all over the world.
C．Reader’s Digest was first private–owned and later public–owned.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The Channel Islands are a group of British?owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峽) , 10 to 30 miles off the French coast , and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品種) of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.
In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, whic
h was part of France, but the ruler of Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War Ⅱ,when the Germans held the islands for five years.
Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French than English.
1.Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands?

Br="Britain            " Fr="France           " Ch="Channel" Islands 
2.Jersey,Guernsey, and Alderney breeds of cattle are  ________ .
A. considered best in England
B. named after their birthplaces
C. brought to the islands by the Germans
D. raised on well?known farms by the French 
3.The Channel Islands have been continuously under British rule since ___________.
A. earliest known history               B. 1066
C. 1930s                                D. the end of World War Ⅱ 
4.Why do people on the Channel Islands follow French way of living?
A. Their islands used to be part of Frence.
B. Their islands are often visited by the French.
C. They came from France.
D. They speak French. 

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The basic flag of the United States is one of the world’s oldest national flags. Only the basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzer land are older.
During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States, the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the Colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonise.
The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14, 1777. It consisted of 13 alternate red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and Kentucky.
By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union, and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1921 Preside William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flag- maker’s fancy.
The evolution of the stars and stripes reflects the growth of the United States. After the admission of Hawaii into the Union in 1959, the flag was official changed for the 26th time since its creation.
There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national flag. Among them are the president’s and vice- president’s flags and those of the federal departments and some federal agencies. Each state in the Union has an official flag. The United States Navy uses special flags for signaling.
小題1: The basic flag of the United States is _______.
A．the oldest national flag in the world
B．one of the world’ s oldest flags
C．the most beautiful flag in the West
D．a(chǎn)s old as the basic flags of some European nations
小題2: Before the War of Independence the flags of various European nations flown over the land were symbols of _______.
A．self- ruleB．occupation
C．peace and friendshipD．independence
小題3: The first official flag of the United States was adopted ________.
A．before the Independence War
B．right after the Independence War
C．when independence was declared in 1776
D．during the War of Independence which ended in 1783
小題4:The 13 red and white stripes and 13 white stars represent _______.
A．13 independent states
B．the colonies that declared independence in 1776.
C．the U. S. Congress
D．13 famous figures in the American colonies
小題5:How many states were represented on the new flag adopted in 1795?
A．13.B．15.
C．20.D．2.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For many years, no one could communicate with people who had been born without learning. These deaf people were not able to use a spoken language.
But, beginning in the 1700s, the deaf were taught a special language. Using this language, they could share thoughts and ideas with others. The language they used was a language without sound. It was a sign language.
How did this sign language work?  The deaf were taught to make certain movements with their hands, faces and bodies. These movements stood for things and ideas. A man might move his finger across his lips. This meant, “You are not telling the truth.” He might tap his chin (下巴, 下顎)with three fingers. This meant “my uncle”.
The deaf were also taught to use a finger alphabet（字母表）. They used their fingers to make letters of the alphabet. In this way, they spelled out words. Some deaf people could spell out words at a speed of 130 words per minute.
Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much as they once could. Today, the deaf are taught to understand others by watching their lips. They are also taught how to speak.
小題1:The passage is mainly about ___ .
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B．teaching the deaf to speak with their mouths
C．learning how to spell words with one’s hands
D．how sign languages came into being
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A．there is still no way to communicate with the deaf
B．the deaf must have special teachers to teach them
C．in order to make a living, deaf people must make signs
D．it is not very difficult for the deaf to learn sign language
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D．It helped them speak with their mouths
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil’ s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.
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A．Tomesha B．Death Valley
C．NevadaD．Badwater
小題2:The name of the valley comes from _______.
A．a(chǎn)n Indian name B．the death of the miners
C．the local people D．a(chǎn) National Movement
小題3:From the passage we can learn that _______.
A．no one had ever known the desert before the miners
B．it’s still not easy to travel across the desert
C．people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert
D．people have changed the natural sight of the desert
小題4:Devil Golf Course is famous for _______.
A．the frequent wind B．the colors of the sand
C．dream-like sights D．the sand sculptures
小題5:From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley.
A．a(chǎn)ppreciates B．is fearful of
C．dislikes D．is tired of

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You may have heard the term "the American Dream". In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold in California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century "American Dream" motivated (激發(fā)起) the Gold Rush and gave California its nickname of the "Golden State".
The American Dream drove not only 1800s gold-rush prospectors but also waves of immigrants throughout that century and the next. People from Europe, and a large number of Chinese, arrived in the US in the 19th century hoping that in America they would find gold in the streets. But most, instead, worked as railroad labourers. They created the oldest Chinatown, in San Francisco, and gave the city a Chinese name "the old gold hill".
In the 20th century, some critics said that it was no longer possible to become prosperous through determination and hard work. Unfair education for students from poor families and racial discrimination almost made the American Dream a nightmare.
Then, in the 1990s, California saw a new wave of dreamers in Silicon Valley. People poured their energy into the Internet. This new chapter of the American Dream attracted many business people and young talents from China and India to form start-ups and seek fortunes in America.
Better pay, a nice house, and a rising standard of living will always be attractive. However, the new American Dream is no longer just about money. It encourages Americans to consume wisely to protect the environment, improve the quality of life, and promote social justice.
The Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, has become the model of the new American Dream. After years of hard work, he grew from a poor young man from Austria into a movie superstar and then governor. Many people hope his story can save the American Dream and give California a brighter future.  
小題1: It can be inferred that _____.
A．America’s golden dream could never be realized
B．America’s golden dream had bought great fortunes to Chinese immigrants
C．each period of time has its own taste of the American dream
D．determination and hard work are the best way to realize the American dream
小題2:Why did most of the early immigrants work as railroad laborers?
A．Because they could earn more money as railroad laborers.
B．Because they had to make a living by working as railroad laborers.
C．Because they thought railroad was the first step to find gold.
D．Because railroad laborers were greatly honored at that time.
小題3:The underlined sentence “his story can save the American Dream” (in the last paragraph) indicates that _____.
A．the dream of seeking fortunate in America is easy to realize
B．most of the immigrants to America don’t reach their previous goal
C．the success of Arnold Schwarzenegger is among the common examples of the immigrants
D．the immigrants have made great contributions to California
小題4:What’s the best title of the passage?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience^one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.
In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it”， Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.
Today，as the world’s urban population explodes，and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”一are a force that’s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
小題1:What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The general view of elevators.
B．The particular interests of experts.
C．The desire for a remarkable machine.
D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.
小題2:The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is   .
A．to contrast their functions with elevators,
B．to emphasize the importance of elevators
C．to reveal their secret war against elevators
D．to explain people’s preference for elevators
小題3:According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?
A．Vertical direction.
B．Lack of excitement.
C．Little physical space.
D．Uncomfortable conditions.
小題4:The author urges readers to consider  .
A．the exact number of elevator lovers
B．the serious future situation of elevators
C．the role of elevators in city development
D．the relationship between cars and elevators

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One Canada, Two Languages
Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages: English and French. There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as “French Canada”. This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest.
Canada left the British empire(帝國) in 1867 to become an independent country and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever since.
Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country. Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare.
The same goes for traffic signs and menus, for example, outside of Quebec, there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French. In restaurants, it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland (中心地帶) of French Canada. However, all  products sold in Canada must, by law, have labels (標(biāo)簽) and instructions in both languages.
In Canada’s English speaking provinces, official bilingualism (雙語) means that students can choose to complete a special French language course. Under this program, they are taught most of their subjects in French.
If a student begins the course in kindergarten (幼兒園) or Grade One, it is likely that all their lessons will be in French. However, if they start at junior high school, 25 percent of the teaching will continue to be in English.
59. How many provinces are there in Canada?
A. Ten.   B. Nine.    C. Eleven.    D. Two.
60. Which country controlled Canada before its independence?
A. France.    B. Britain.    C. America.     D. Germany
61. Where can you watch French television programs?
A. Only in Quebec.
B. In Quebec and a few other places.
C. From the two national television networks.
D. All over Canada
62. What do we know about the education in Canada?
A. In English speaking provinces only English courses are offered.
B. If you choose a special French language course, most of the subjects are taught in French.
C. The courses in primary school are all taught in English.
D. Most of the courses in junior high schools are taught in English.

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