Johann Gutenberg, who worked as a goldsmith (金匠), took what had already been discovered, and created a small invention that changed history. He created a machine that allowed him to move small blocks of letters in such a way that written material could be printed and mass-produced. Few people could read before Guttenberg made the invention, but once books became less expensive, more Europeans could read and write.
Block printing existed long before Gutenberg. The Chinese had been using wood blocks to print books as early as 868, but a new set of woodcuts (木刻印版) had to be made for each book. Producing one book was not easy; producing all kinds of books was more difficult.
Writing ink dates from about 2500 BC in Egypt and China. Gutenberg used an oil-based printing ink that would last longer than other inks used in his time. We don’t know much about Gutenberg because he was not famous during his lifetime. He was born in Germany about 1400. In 1448, Gutenberg developed signatures for each number, letter, and punctuation mark (標(biāo)點符號). He then built the molds (模型) to hold the signatures in place. Gutenberg published the first mass-produced book: a 1,282 page Bible. To this day, more copies of the Bible have been printed than any other book.
Copies of Gutenberg’s invention spread throughout Europe, but the German goldsmith did not get rich from his invention. Some officials denounced the invention of printing because they feared that it would spread bad ideas. By 1500 there were 1,700 printing presses in Europe. The presses had already produced about 20 million volumes (冊) of 40,000 different books.
小題1:What happened after Johann Gutenberg’s invention?
A．People could afford to read books.
B．People became interested in inventing.
C．It was still difficult to print all kinds of books.
D．Punctuation mark began to be used in printing.
小題2: Compared with block printing in China, Johann Gutenberg’s method _____.
A．was difficult to run
B．needed harder paper
C．used a new kind of ink
D．was put into use earlier
小題3:The underlined word “denounced” in the last paragraph means _____.
A．fought against B．a(chǎn)ccepted
C．laughed at D．supported
小題4:What is the best title for the text?
A．A famous 1,282 page Bible
B．The life of a famous inventor
C．An invention that changed history
D．The development of printing

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：本文主要講述的是Johann Gutenberg,所發(fā)明出的新型的印刷方法改變了整個人類的歷史。
小題1:A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Few people could read before Guttenberg made the invention, but once books became less expensive, more Europeans could read and write.可知在他的發(fā)明出現(xiàn)以后，很多人都可以閱讀和寫作了。故A正確。
小題2:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段1,2行Writing ink dates from about 2500 BC in Egypt and China. Gutenberg used an oil-based printing ink that would last longer than other inks used in his time可知他使用的是一種新型的墨水。故C正確。
小題3:A 推理題。根據(jù)本句. Some officials denounced the invention of printing because they feared that it would spread bad ideas可知很多官員反對這項發(fā)明，是擔(dān)心它會傳播一些壞的思想。故A正確。
小題4:C 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是Johann Gutenberg,所發(fā)明出的新型的印刷方法改變了整個人類的歷史。故C正確。
點評：本文主要講述的是Johann Gutenberg,所發(fā)明出的新型的印刷方法改變了整個人類的歷史。本文細(xì)節(jié)題居多，答題時在文章找到對應(yīng)的地方，用筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，這有利于后期有時間檢查時可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔細(xì)理解作者所講的意思，再結(jié)合選項，通過排除法和自己對全文的把握，選出正確答案。
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D．the better understanding of a topic
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D．is exercising his or her “explain power”
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B．you still need to work hard
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B．To explain the importance of writing.
C．To persuade readers to become writers.
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