Question

12．Eat like a king in the morning，a prince at noon，and a peasant at night．This saying is all about the importance of breakfast．And now scientists can tell us just why it's so important．According to a study carried out at Imperial College London，UK，skipping the first meal of the day not only means you eat more at lunch，but also that your brain wants to find more unhealthy foods．
The study suggests that there is a special part of our brain called the orbitofrontal cortex （眶額皮層），which plays an important part in making choices about what we eat．It is used for identifying the taste of food，especially when skipping breakfast．It is more likely to target high-calorie foods when you're on an empty stomach．
Scientists did an experiment on this．Dr Tony Goldstone from Imperial College London，scanned （掃描） the brains of 21 men and women，around the age of 25．On the first day，these people skipped breakfast before the scans．On the second day，they had cereal （谷物），bread and jam as breakfast．After the scan on both days，they had their lunch．
When the volunteers had skipped breakfast，they ate around 20 percent more at lunch，compared with days when they had eaten breakfast．?Their brain scans also showed the orbitofrontal cortex was especially responsive to high-calorie foods．"We believe that bit identifies the value of foods-how pleasant，how delicious something is，"Goldstone told The Guardian．
36．From Paragraph 1，we learn thatA．
A．scientists found out why eating breakfast is important
B．it's easy to lose weight without breakfast
C．there's no need to have good food for supper
D．eating breakfast makes your brain smarter
37．Which of the following is NOT true about the orbitofrontal cortex？B
A．It is part of our brain．B．It tells people to eat breakfast．
C．It decides which food we like．D．It is active toward high-calorie food．
38．Which is the correct order for the experiment on the first day？C
①The volunteers skipped breakfast．
②The volunteers had lunch．
③The volunteers had a brain scan．
A．①②③B．③②①C．①③②D．③①②
39．In the experiment，the volunteers without breakfast ate about 20%Dat lunch．
A．of the usual breakfast                 B．more than the usual breakfast
C．of the usual lunch                       D．more than the usual lunch
40．Which of the following can be the title for this passage？A
A．Breakfast still most important         B．Three meals a day
C．Experiments on breakfast                 D．Experiments on lunch．

Answer 1

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀，作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了早餐的重要性，并且科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證實(shí)了這句話是正確的．

解答 36．A．主旨大意題．難度中等．第一段提出觀點(diǎn)"早餐的重要性"，然后介紹科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了這一觀點(diǎn)的正確性．故選A．
37．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．難度中等．根據(jù)題意定位于文章第二段，第二段主要介紹了眶額皮層的作用，文中提到眶額皮層是大腦的一部分，它可以辨別食物的味道，如果我們不吃早餐的話，它會(huì)把高熱量食物定位目標(biāo)，因此可以判斷B項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的． 
38．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，難度中等．本文的關(guān)鍵詞是order定位文章第三段On the first day，these people skipped breakfast before the scans．After the scan on both days，they had their lunch．第一天人們掃描前不吃早餐，然后吃午餐．由此可判斷C項(xiàng)正確． 
39．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，難度中等．本題的關(guān)鍵詞without breakfast定位文章最后一段第一句話When the volunteers had skipped breakfast，they ate around 20 percent more at lunch，compared with days when they had eaten breakfast．不吃早餐的人，他們午餐會(huì)比正常吃早餐的人多吃20%．，由此可判斷D項(xiàng)正確． 
40．A．主旨大意題．本題的關(guān)鍵詞title，本文主要介紹了早餐的重要性，并且科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證實(shí)了這句話是正確的，故選A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．