6．Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth （ZPG）．Nearly all such lands are economically well developed．They include much of Europe（including Russia），the United States，Canada，Japan．a(chǎn)nd Australia．As the rate of natural increase（RNI）declines（下降），two things happen．First，the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration（移民）．Second，a country's population ages because there are fewer births．
Is achieving ZPG good or bad？What happens when a country's population begins to drop？Many people，after all，believe that population decline is a good thing．But is it good for everyone？Does everyone agree？
An aging population can create many problems．Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention．Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions（退休金）．In the US，the Social Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2018．It will pay out more money than it takes in．Additionally，a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry level positions that pay low wages．With an ability to do them many of these jobs are aging population，who will fill them？At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills．Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce？
The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration（移居）．
Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment．Many are willing to take jobs that cannot（or will not） be filled bythe domestic（國內(nèi)的） population．Others are well educated and highly skilled．Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways．Further，they add to the richness of a country's culture．Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely（完全地）necessary to the economy of many lands．As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win-win situation．

29．In the writer's view，which of the following statements is TRUEA？
A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good
B．Achieving ZPG is every country's aim（目標） in spite of its side effects
C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens
D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment
30．According to the passage，the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population isD．
A．to improve the health care system
B．to increase RNI
C．to increase employment               
D．to increase migration
31．The main idea of the last paragraph isA．
A．the advantages of increased migration
B．the problem of declining and aging population
C．how to increase migration
D．some ways to enrich a country's culture．

分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，主要講述了一個人口零增長的社會現(xiàn)象．在很多國家，尤其是一些發(fā)達國家，人口呈現(xiàn)零增長或者負增長的現(xiàn)象．但是這種現(xiàn)象并不是只有好處的，它帶來的危害也很多．所以移民可以帶來雙贏的作用．

解答 29．答案：A．細節(jié)理解題．文中第三段說 An aging population can create many problems．人口老齡化的問題嚴重，人口零增長會造成人口老齡化的，所以A選項表述正確，故選A．
30．答案：D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)"The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration"可知，最好的解決方法是增加移民．故選D．
31．答案：A．段落大意題．根據(jù)"Many are willing to take jobs that cannot（or will not） be filled bythe domestic（國內(nèi)的） population．Others are well educated and highly skilled．Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways．Further，they add to the richness of a country's culture．"可知，本段主要講述了增加移民的好處．故選A．

點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及細節(jié)理解題，段落大意題，做題時應結合文章上下文內(nèi)容并根據(jù)所給選項的含義進行分析，從而得出正確答案．切記胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．

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