If         to make a list of British universities, most people in China would start with Cambridge or Oxford.

       A．to ask                 B．a(chǎn)sking                 C．a(chǎn)sked                  D．a(chǎn)sk

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：高中課程新學(xué)案　高中三年級(jí)、英語(yǔ) 題型：050

　　Do you ever feel angry about someone who stands too close, talks too loudly or makes eye contact for too long?For many of us, the answer is probably yes．But what makes us feel uncomfortable with those“close talkers”?Or with strangers who stand very near to us in a line?

　　Scholars began studying personal space decades ago, in a field known as proxemics．They found that humans tend to avoid eye contact if they feel someone is standing too close．They put a distance between themselves and strangers．According to scientists, personal space involves not only an imaginary space around the body, but around all the senses．People may feel their space is being violated when they encounter an unwelcome sound, scent or stare：the woman on the bus shouting into her mobile phone or the co-worker sitting next to you putting on some perfume you don't like．

　　Whether people in recent times have become more protective of their personal space is hard to say．Yet studies of airlines show strong desire to have some space to oneself．In a recent survey from Trip Advisor, a travel website, travelers said that if they had to pay for certain benefits, they would rather have larger seats and more legroom than massages and extra food．A current advertisement for Eos Airlines, which flies between New York and London, is promoting the fact that it offers“21 square feet of personal space”．

　　While people may want space, they rarely know how deep these proxemics are．Scholars know that commuters hold newspapers in front of them to read, but also to shield themselves from strangers．“If you videotape people at a library table, it's very interesting that one of the corner seats will go first, followed by the chair diagonally opposite because that is farthest away,”said US proxemics expert Dane Archer．“If you break those rules, it's fascinating,”he added,“People will pile up books as if to make a wall．”

　　Preferences for personal space differ from culture to culture．Scholars have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people in Mediterranean and Latin American cultures and mean in Arab cultures．“In the US, it's closely linked to ideas of individuals,”said Kathryn Sorrells, a US communication studies professor．“It's part of a culture that highly values independence, privacy and capitalism．”

(1)

What does the whole passage center around?

[　　]

A．

Proxemics－a new branch of psychology．

B．

People's behavior in public places．

C．

The nature of personal space．

D．

Preferences for personal space in various cultures．

(2)

The slogan of“21 square feet of personal space”might reflect the fact that ________．

[　　]

A．

Eos Airlines have larger aero-planes than other airline companies

B．

passengers can enjoy fine service provided by Eos Airlines

C．

larger personal space is popular and might win more travelers

D．

more and more airlines will follow the standard size of personal space

(3)

To protect their own personal space, ________．

[　　]

A．

commuters hold newspapers in front of them to read

B．

library users all choose corner seats or put up book walls

C．

one tends to avoid eye contact if they feel someone is standing too close

D．

people blame those who shout into their mobile phones or put on perfume

(4)

The word“mean”in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ________．

[　　]

A．

different

B．

similar

C．

average

D．

limited

(5)

According to scientists, which of the following statements about personal space is true?

[　　]

A．

It's part of a culture that highly values independence, privacy and capitalism．

B．

It covers imaginary space around the body and around all the senses．

C．

Personal space needs vary from culture to culture in different times．

D．

In modern times people are having a stronger desire of personal space．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" 一 the real mother or the mother-substitute (母親替代樹).

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes 一 one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接級(jí)) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的) “contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (擁抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth.             B. Milk.                C. Contact.            D. Trust.

51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ______.

A. larger in size                                     B. closer lo them

C. less frightening and less disturbing      D. more comfortable to rub against

52. Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?

A. Altenlion.                                        B. Softness.

C. Confidence.                                     D. Interest.

53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ______.

A. it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C. il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D. it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around

54. Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ______.

A. give the reasons for (he experiment

B. present the findings of the experiment

C. introduce the method of the experiment

D. describe the process of the experiment

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（浙江卷帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母親替代物）.
During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接觸的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（擁抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.” 
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth     B. Milk     C. Contact         D. Trust
【小題1】After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.

A．larger in sizeB．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbingD．more comfortable to rub against
【小題2】What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A．AttentionB．SoftnessC．ConfidenceD．Interest
【小題3】It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
【小題4】The main purpose of the passage is to______________.
A．give the reasons of the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆江蘇省高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact(接觸) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable?

It’s all about personal peace, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated(侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume(香水) makes you feel angry.

Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire(渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey （調(diào)查）by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.

Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.

Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.

Preference(偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.

1.The writer mainly _________ in this article.

A. tells us how to achieve personal space

B. explains what personal space people need is

C. introduces some knowledge about personal space

D. argues for the importance of keeping personal space

2.Who might feel his personal space is safe according to the passage?

A. A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume.

B. A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time.

C. A person who hears strange noises when reading at home.

D. A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him.

3.What can we know from the survey by TripAdvisor?

A. People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before.

B. People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times.

C. There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs.

D. Food service is better provided than seats on the plane.

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses.

B. If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated.

C. People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space.

D. Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space.

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（浙江卷解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母親替代物）.

During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接觸的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（擁抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.” 

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth     B. Milk     C. Contact         D. Trust

1.After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.

A．larger in size                           B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing          D．more comfortable to rub against

2.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?

A．Attention         B．Softness           C．Confidence        D．Interest

3.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

4.The main purpose of the passage is to______________.

A．give the reasons of the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

 

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