Question

【題目】 Here’s a new reason to be an optimist. 【1】 Pessimists, of course, might have suspected this all along-but now there’s actual research behind it.

Boston-area scientists found the most optimistic people live an average of 11 to 15 percent longer than their more pessimistic peers.

In previous studies, researchers have found that more optimistic people tend to have lower risk of diseases and early death, said Lewina Lee, the lead researcher and a psychiatry professor at Boston University School of Medicine. “【2】“

Optimists generally expect good things to happen in the future and feel like they can control important outcomes. They tend to stay positive whatever comes their way.

【3】 There’s good news: The mind-set is about 25 percent hereditary (遺傳的). Lee said, meaning people have some control over their level of good thoughts. She said people can become more optimistic by imagining a future in which their goals have been reached.

To conduct their research. Lee and the other scientists compared results from two independently conducted studies-one that followed nearly 70,000 women for a decade and another that followed about 1,400 men for 30 years. 【4】 They ranked themselves on statements including in uncertain times, “I usually expect the best” or “I'm always optimistic about my future.”

The conclusion that optimistic people tend to live longer holds true regardless of other factors, Lee said.

The study leaves one question unanswered: 【5】 Although it's unclear, the researchers believe optimists may be better at regulating stressors and bouncing (反彈) back I from upsetting events. Optimists also generally have healthier habits, like exercising more and smoking less.

A.Not a natural optimist?

B.Our study took it one step further.

C.Why are optimists likely to live longer?

D.Why do women generally live longer than men?

E.An optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.

F.People self-reported their optimism on questionnaires.

G.Those who see the glass as half full, according to a new study, live longer.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】G

【2】B

【3】A

【4】F

【5】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。美國(guó)波士頓科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，比起悲觀者來(lái)，樂觀者更加長(zhǎng)壽。

【1】根據(jù)上文Here’s a new reason to be an optimist.可知，這里有一個(gè)成為樂觀主義者的新理由。由此可知，本句承接上文應(yīng)當(dāng)說明這個(gè)理由的內(nèi)容。故G選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，那些認(rèn)為杯子是半滿的人活得更久”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選G。

【2】根據(jù)上文In previous studies, researchers have found that more optimistic people tend to have lower risk of diseases and early death, said Lewina Lee, the lead researcher and a psychiatry professor at Boston University School of Medicine.可知，波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)教授、首席研究員Lewina Lee說，在以前的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，更樂觀的人患病和早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更低。由此可知，這項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)樂觀者更加長(zhǎng)壽，是比之前的研究更進(jìn)了一步。故B選項(xiàng)“我們的研究更進(jìn)一步”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選B。

【3】根據(jù)后文There’s good news: The mind-set is about 25 percent hereditary. Lee said, meaning people have some control over their level of good thoughts.可知，好消息是：這種心態(tài)大約有25%是遺傳的。Lee說，意思是人們可以控制自己的好想法。由此可知后文是在對(duì)“不是天生樂觀者”的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋和說明。故A選項(xiàng)“不是天生的樂觀主義者？”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A。

【4】根據(jù)后文They ranked themselves on statements including in uncertain times, “I usually expect the best” or “I'm always optimistic about my future.”可知，他們對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià)包括在不確定的時(shí)期，“我通常期望最好的”或“我總是對(duì)我的未來(lái)很樂觀”。由此可知，人們?cè)谶@些問卷中自我報(bào)告了自己的樂觀態(tài)度。故F選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)趩柧碇凶晕覉?bào)告他們的樂觀態(tài)度”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選F。

【5】根據(jù)上文The study leaves one question unanswered (這項(xiàng)研究留下了一個(gè)沒有回答的問題)由此可知，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)問句，結(jié)合后文Although it's unclear, the researchers believe optimists may be better at regulating stressors and bouncing back I from upsetting events.可知，盡管目前還不清楚，但研究人員認(rèn)為，樂觀主義者可能更善于調(diào)節(jié)壓力，更善于從沮喪的事情中恢復(fù)過來(lái)�？赏浦�，這個(gè)問題是“為什么樂觀者更加長(zhǎng)壽”。故C選項(xiàng)“為什么樂觀者可能活得更久？”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選C。