Question

Us, night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild. Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

"My family was so frustrated." admitted town resident Daune Cosby.” We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decade, They say that light pollution prevents from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consist of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(遷徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animal casualties(傷亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.

Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years. Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

41. It happened last night that ______.

A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching

B. the meteors flew past before being noticed

C. the city light show attracted many people

D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42. What do the astronomers complain about?

A. Meteor showers occur less often than before.

B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair.

C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.

D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A. Birds may take other migration paths.

B. Animals' living habits may change suddenly.

C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.

D. Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

44. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff. Arizona are put into effect to

A. lessen the chance of getting cancer

B. create an ideal observation condition

C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night

D. enable all creatures to live in harmony

45. What message does the author most want to give us?

A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.

B. Great efforts should be made to save energy.

C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly.

D. New equipment should be introduced for space study.

Answer 1

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，題材是燈光污染與環(huán)境保護(hù)。本文主要介紹了燈光污染給天文學(xué)家、人類、其它生物所帶來的不良影響。以及人們?yōu)榻鉀Q此問題所采取的措施等。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意推測(cè)
第一部分（Para. 1-3）	Dissatisfied, darkened the light; frustrated, Complained... for decades; fight against	導(dǎo)入：通過觀看流星不成功的原因?qū)�入本文的主題—燈光污染給天文學(xué)家?guī)�來的影響�?/p>
第二部分（Para. 4-5）	Suffers even more; severely affects migrating; die in crashes	燈光污染給其它生物帶來的影響。
第三部分（Para. 6）	aware of the negative effects; assist astronomers; similar efforts	人們?yōu)榻鉀Q此問題所采取的一些措施。

【解析】

41. A。推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞last night快速定位第一段。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知“城市的夜空被燈點(diǎn)綴的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了頭上飛過的流星的光亮，因此影響了人們觀星”。所以可以推出A是正確選項(xiàng)。

42. C。推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞astronomers快速定位第三段。根據(jù)they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可以推斷燈光污染問題一直沒有得到解決，這才是他們所抱怨的。其他選項(xiàng)原文根本沒有提到，屬于無中生有的。

43. D。推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干快速定位第四段。第四段駐澳講述了燈光污染對(duì)于鳥類、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影響，尤其嚴(yán)重影響你鳥類的遷徙，最后一句話“每年北美大約有一億的鳥在與被燈光點(diǎn)綴的建筑物或是高塔的撞擊中死亡”因此可以推斷D選項(xiàng)是正確的。

44. B。推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干中的大寫Flagstaff, Arizona快速定位文章最后一段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory可知推行此規(guī)定的目的是為天文學(xué)家更好的觀察服務(wù)的。

45. C。推理判斷作者意圖題。難度：較難。文章主要講的是燈光污染給人類和其它生物帶來的影響，而燈光的直接造成原因就是人類本身，因此作者寫本文主要是要告知人們?nèi)祟惖幕顒?dòng)應(yīng)該要注意環(huán)保。其它三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容均與本文無關(guān)。

【難句學(xué)習(xí)】

1. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

翻譯：城市的燈光時(shí)如此的明亮以至于頭頂飛過的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人們看到的只是被點(diǎn)亮的夜空而不是流星

分析：本句的是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，what作found的賓語。so …that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。passing overhead是非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語。darken是動(dòng)詞。

2. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.

翻譯：天文學(xué)家說光污染阻止了他們?nèi)タ催^去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目標(biāo)。

分析：本句中say后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句。而sky后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是objects ，that在從句中作see的賓語。

3. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.

翻譯：可是除了專業(yè)和業(yè)余的觀星者外，還有一個(gè)群體遭受著甚至更為嚴(yán)重的光污染的影響。

分析：本句是一個(gè)there be 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞是population。

4. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.

翻譯：他們擔(dān)心在睡覺的時(shí)候如果有太多的光亮的話可能會(huì)增加一個(gè)人得癌癥的機(jī)會(huì)。

分析：本句中worry 后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句，while sleeping引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。of getting cancer是chances的后置定語。

5. a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

翻譯：此外，一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行中，目的是為了提醒我們不用燈的時(shí)候要關(guān)掉它，這樣其它生物也能共享夜晚。
分析：本句中to remind…是不定式作目的狀語。when we are…是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，so that引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句。