Poverty today is a major global issue．Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education．Poverty can be found in each and every comer of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country．Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today．
Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level．This is simple math: If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor．
Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education．If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low．Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future．
Moving away from one's own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too．It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs．Meanwhile they live in bad conditions．The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them．
There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business．For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished, which employed a lot of African-American people．But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people．This has led to unemployment among African-Americans．
Poverty has many ill effects on society．That's why steps should be taken to get rid of it!
小題1:What's the meaning of the underlined word "flourished" in Paragraph 5?
（No more than 5 words）
小題2:Why is overpopulation a cause of poverty today? （No more thanl2 words）
小題3:What's the situation of education m underdeveloped countries? （No more than 8 words）
小題4:What does the passage mainly talk about?（No more than 10 words）
小題5:In your opinion, what's the most significant cause of poverty today? Please give your reason．（No more than 25 words）

小題1:developed (quickly)(形式及時態(tài)錯不給分)
小題2:Because there're more mouths to feed and less income.
小題3:The level of education is very low.
小題4:Main causes of poverty in the world today.
小題5:Lack of education. People without good education can't adapt to society, so they’re much likely to suffer from poverty.(答案可不同）

試題分析：本文主要談?wù)摰氖鞘澜缟县毨У闹饕颉?br />小題1:從文章which employed a lot of African-American people．both of which employ only skilled and trained people．可知以前重工業(yè)發(fā)達的時候，雇傭了很多的非洲裔的美國人，而現(xiàn)在不一樣了很多人失業(yè)了，故應(yīng)該是發(fā)達的，故填developed
小題2:從This is simple math: If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor．可知此處的原因是因為有更多的人需要吃飯，又沒有多少收入的來源。故填Because there are more mouths to feed and less income.
小題3:從文章If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low．可知在不發(fā)達地區(qū)，人們的教育水平非常低。
小題4:從文章Poverty can be found in each and every comer of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country．Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today．可知本文主要談?wù)摰氖鞘澜缟县毨У闹饕颉?br />小題5:可以從缺乏教育或是缺乏基本的技能和致富的想法上去說明，答案可不同。
點評：此類文體對貧困引起的原因進行了說明闡述，對各個主要的原因進行了詳細的說明。本文不難，對于此類的說明文的閱讀，學(xué)生需要先采用將第一自然段及下面每段的第一句話進行閱讀，進而看第一題，第一題如果是主旨類的題型可先不做，做第二題。如此帶著問題在文章中找答案，既節(jié)約時間又正確率高。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Retirement Age
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees to and are more willing to implement company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．
Allowing old people to work indefinitely （無限地）, however, is not always a good policy．Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability．Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives．Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization．On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure．They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．
小題1:According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.
A．they will help the business not to fail quickly
B．they have grasped much practical experience
C．they need to have a sense of achievement
D．they want to learn more knowledge
小題2:The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".
A．take overB．work onC．get rid ofD．carry out
小題3:The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that ______．
A．older people can' t do their work well
B．young people usually have new ideas
C．it is better for older people to retire on time
D．older people would like to do something else
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated (控制) by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my PhD at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement --- jobs, research papers, awards --- was viewed through the lens of gender (性別) politics. So were my failures.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all annoyance. I don’t talk about that any more. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Bamard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
小題1:Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A．She is unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B．She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C．She is not good at telling stories of the kind at all.
D．She finds space research more important than that.
小題2:We learn from Paragraph 2 that people would contribute the author’s failures to _______.
A．the very fact that she is just a woman
B．her involvement in gender politics
C．the very fact that she is just a scientist
D．her over-confidence as a female scientist
小題3:Why does the author feel satisfied when talking about her class?
A．Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
B．Her students’ achievement has brought back her confidence.
C．Her female students can do just better than male students.
D．More female students now love science than before.
小題4:What does the image that the author presents to her students suggest?
A．Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B．Women have more troubles on their way to academic success.
C．Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D．Women now have no problems pursuing a science career.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in   1  work. The pay is usually poor, but most people work   2  for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, entertain kids on American summer camps, and, of course, there are always   3  in hotels and restaurants.
But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work. Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very   4  openings. For example, when you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will   5  you to speak French. British students only have a language   6  for jobs in the USA and Australia.
Not every one   7  the experience. Sarah James was once responsible for forty American children in Europe. During the   8 , one child lost his passport; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the  9  they made. Sarah says, “It really was a 24-hour-a-day job since the kids never   10 ! And the pay was awful. It wasn’t worth it.”
The trouble is that   11  expect to have an easy time of it. After all, they see it as a  12 . In practice, though, they have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual work, and jobs are   13  only when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. But students have few employment   14 . As soon as the holiday season finishes, companies will get rid of them. And if their employer doesn’t like them, they’ll be   15 , too.
小題1:
A．seasonalB．mentalC．professionalD．formal
小題2:
A．hardB．voluntarilyC．a(chǎn)broadD．continuously
小題3:
A．jobsB．visitorsC．customersD．parties
小題4:
A．goodB．newC．a(chǎn)ttractiveD．few
小題5:
A．teachB．expectC．a(chǎn)llowD．forbid
小題6:
A．programB．lessonC．a(chǎn)dvantageD．exam
小題7:
A．hasB．enjoysC．forgetsD．remembers
小題8:
A．tripB．flightC．discussionD．ceremony
小題9:
A．promiseB．progressC．complaintD．noise
小題10:
A．criedB．studiedC．sleptD．helped
小題11:
A．childrenB．studentsC．employersD．parents
小題12:
A．jobB．lessonC．holidayD．shame
小題13:
A．countlessB．a(chǎn)vailableC．interestingD．boring
小題14:
A．experiencesB．rulesC．plansD．rights
小題15:
A．dismissed B．chargedC．finedD．punished

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Millions of British people have ditched the traditional “thank you” and replaced it with the less formal “cheers”, according to a survey.
Although the average person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three are more likely to throw in a “cheers” or “ta” where it’s needed, rather than risk sounding old fashioned.
One in 20 now say “nice one” instead, while younger generations are more likely to offer a “cool” than a “thank you”. “Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common phrases to use, as was “much appreciated”.
One in twenty who took part in the survey of 2,000 people by the Food Network UK for Thank You Day, which is marked on November 24, 2011, said a formal “thank you” was now not often needed in everyday conversation. More than one in ten adults said they regularly wouldn’t say “thank you” if they were in a bad mood.
Most people declared that saying “thank you” was something drilled into them by their parents. A huge 70 percent of those questioned will say “thank you” to a person’s face without even meaning it, while a fifth avoid saying it when they know they should — on at least two occasions every day.
It seems our friends and family get the brunt (壓力) of our bad manners with half admitting they’re not good at thanking those closest to them — many justifying (為……辯解) the lack of thanks because their family “already know I’m grateful”.
When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people. A thank you email is also popular, while a quarter turn to social networks to express gratitude. A quarter of British people say thank you with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note — but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they bothered to send one.
It follows that 85 percent of people will be annoyed at not getting the gratitude they feel they should receive. 
小題1:Most of the people who took part in the survey say that they say “thank you” _____.
A．when they are in good moodB．completely out of habit
C．when they feel truly grateful D．purely out of politeness
小題2:The underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph 1 means “_____”.
A．a(chǎn)bandonedB．usedC．sharedD．grasped
小題3:It can be learned from the passage that _____.
A．different ways of expressing gratitude are all fashionable
B．people should avoid saying “thank you” nowadays
C．a(chǎn) thank-you note is still appreciated by most people
D．people in a bad mood never say “thank you”
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Most people express their gratitude to others by buying food for them.
B．About fifty percent of people try not to say thank you when they should.
C．Most people may feel natural when they fail to receive others’ gratitude.
D．Many people think it unnecessary to say thanks to their family members.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The other day my aunt paid me a visit. She was overjoyed. “I got the highest mark in the mid-term examination!” She said. Don’t be surprised! My aunt is indeed a student, exactly, a college student at the age of 45.
“Compared with the late 70s,” she says, “now college students have many doors.” I was shocked when she first told me how she had had no choice in her major. Look at us today! So many doors are open to us! I believe there have never been such abundant opportunities for self-development as we have today. And my aunt told me that we should reach our goals by grasping all these opportunities.
The first door is the opportunity to study different subjects that interest us. My aunt was happy to study management, but she could also attend lectures on ancient Chinese poetry and on Shakespearean drama. As for myself, I am an English major, but I may also go to lectures on history.
The second door is the door to the outside world. Learning goes beyond classrooms and national boundaries. I have many fellow international classmates, and I am applying to an exchange program with a university abroad. As for my aunt, she is planning to get an MBA degree in the U.K.
The third door is the door to life-long learning. Many of my aunt’s contemporaries say she’s amazingly up-to-date for a middle-aged woman. She simply responds, “Age doesn’t matter. What matters is your attitude. I don’t think I’m too old to learn.” Yes, she is right. Since the government removed the age limit for college admissions, there are already some untraditional students, sitting with us in the same classrooms. Like them, my aunt is old but young in spirit with incredible energy and determination.
The doors open to us also pose challenges. For instance, we are faced with the challenge of a balanced learning, the challenge of preserving our fine tradition while learning from the West, and the challenge of learning continuously while carrying heavy responsibilities to our work and family. So, each door is a test of our courage, ability and judgment, but with the support of my teachers, parents, friends and my aunt, I believe I can meet the challenge head on.
小題1:Which of the following words can best replace the “door” in the passage?
A．challengeB．knowledgeC．learningD．opportunity
小題2:What made the writher’s aunt overjoyed?
A．Having a chance to visit the writer
B．Having lots of choices in subjects
C．Getting the highest score in her exam
D．Getting admission to a university
小題3:Which of the following statements will the writer’s aunt agree with?
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Failure is the mother of success.
C．One is never too old to learn.
D．Rome isn’t built in a day.
小題4:The following word can be used to describe the writer’s aunt EXCEPT __________.
A．fashionableB．traditionalC．energeticD．determined
小題5:Which chart shows the correct structure of the passage?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Celebrity endorsements
Despite the fact that companies believe celebrities had a lot of pull with regard to the buying trends of consumers, researchers have discovered that this does not seem to be the case. British and Swiss researchers carried out a study showing that advertisements made by celebrities like David Beckham and Scarlett Johansson are not as effective as those by ordinary people.
In a sample of 298 students, researchers presented a magazine advertisement for a digital camera that was endorsed (為…做廣告宣傳) by a fictional student claiming the camera was “hot” and his “preferred choice”. The same advertisement was shown to other students, but with a difference: The camera was endorsed by a famous person in Germany.
While the students said that both advertisements were beneficial, the one made by the student topped the celebrity one if students aimed to impress others with their purchases (購買). More than half of the students, who admitted purchasing products that would impress others, said they were influenced by the student’s advertisement. Only 20％ said the celebrity one would affect their buying decision.
Professor Brett Martin of the University of Bath’s School of Management, explained that the findings could be used not only in Germany, but in other countries as well. “ Our research questions whether celebrities are the best ways to sell products,” said Prof Martin.“Celebrities can be effective but we found that many people were more convinced by an endorsement from a fictional fellow student. This is because many people feel a need to keep up with the Jones when they buy.”
小題1:Some companies think the celebrities endorsement          ．
A．is popular with the consumers
B．can pull all the consumers into the shops
C．can affect the consumers’ purchasing
D．is as effective as an endorsement from common people
小題2:Which of the following ads would be more effective to common consumers, according to
the experiment?
An ad featuring lovely pandas.
An ad made by David Beckham.
An ad made by fictional common people.
An ad with beautiful natural scenery.
小題3:The underlined words “the Jones” in the last paragragh refer to“     ”．
A．someone called Jones B．common people
C．the Jones family D．celebrities
小題4:We can infer from the passage that       ．
A．celebrities cheat consumers in advertisement
B．the researchers here are against celebrity endorsement
C．the student’s ads are more reliable than those made by celebrities
D．companies needn’t spend so much money on celebrity endorsement
小題5:We can probably read the article in       ．
A．a(chǎn) local newspaperB．a(chǎn) science report
C．a(chǎn)n academic journal D．a(chǎn) textbook

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

"Regardless of social class, race and age, men say they hate to shop." says Zukin, City University of New York sociology professor. "Yet when you ask them deeper questions, it turns out that they like to shop. Men generally like to shop for books, music and hardware. But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music, they'll say, "Well, that's not shopping. That's research. "
In other words, what men and women call "buying things" and how they approach that task are different.
Women will wander through several 1,000-aquare-meter stores in search of the perfect party dress. Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the perfect digital camcorder. Women see shopping as a social event. Men see it as a special task or a game to be won.
"Men are frequently shopping to win," says Ann, a marketing professor at Loyola University of Chicago. "They want to get the best deal. They want to get the best one, the latest one and if they do that it makes them happy. "When women shop, "They're doing it in a way that they want everybody to be very happy." says Ann. "They're kind of shopping for love."
"Teenage girls learn to shop from their moms and older sisters, but they also learn to shop by examining articles in magazines like Seventeen, "City University Zukin says." And although men's magazines such as GQ and Esquire have long had shopping articles, it's TV that has the eye of young male shoppers, "say Ann and Zukin.
"Television shows are used by young men in the same way Seventeen magazine or Lucky is used by girls," says Zukin, "to help make clothing and toiletry choices."
"Of course, there are men who love to shop and are proud of it." Loyola's Ann says. And that is important no matter whether you buy a car or a frying pan. All men love to buy but don't want to get cheated. Ann adds, "There actually are men who are interested, for example, in cooking or shopping or chinaware or things around the home-----they become kind of girl magnets. Women like it."
小題1:From the first paragraph we can find that _____.
A．men are all dishonest
B．men are all book-lovers
C．men hate to shop actually
D．men like to shop in fact
小題2:Compared to women, men usually treat shopping _____.
A．honestlyB．seriouslyC．frequentlyD．foolishly
小題3:As is shown in this passage, teenage girls go shopping _____.
A．only with their moms
B．only with their sisters
C．often following magazines
D．often following TV shows
小題4:The underlined word "magnets" in the last paragraph means _____.
A．magazines that attract young women
B．persons that have a powerful attraction
C．tools that can help housewives much
D．vegetables that make women beautiful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The iPhone has become one of the most popular mobile phones in the United States. An 18-year-o1d student in California has used his knowledge of the device to create his own business,gaining national recognition for his work.
Vincent Quigg is the CEO of TechWorld. His company is kind of like a hospital for iPhones,specializing in customizing and repairing iPhones. Vincent Quigg launched TechWorld while in high school. “My mom became single a couple of years ago and I had to grow up. And in order to keep my lifestyle, I had to find different ways to keep my phone, keep a car, transportation and all that stuff. So I had to find ways to be entrepreneurial.” An organization cal1ed the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship. or NFTE, helped the young man get started. His mother, Carla Quigg: “He quit the class, which made me very disappointed.”
“It was extremely hard for myself to find a business to start and run with it. But once I had that ‘aha moment’or what I knew I wanted to go with, it was really easy and extremely fun.”
At the time, Vincent worked for the electronics store BestBuy. He says people always came into the store with broken electronic devices. He decided that repairing those devices was what he wanted to do. He not only re-registered for the NFTE class, but he also won the organization’s national competition for best young entrepreneur.His business has grown through word-of-mouth. Vincent says he now fixes up to l0 phones per week. He earns about $l,500 each month in sales. TechWorld has two other employees. Kacee Wheeler is one of them. He works on the technical side of the business while Vincent Quigg now deals with finances and planning. He says he wants to continue to grow his business.
小題1:What is Vincent Quigg’s company specialized in?
A．Customizing and repairing iPhones.B．Advertising and selling iPhones.
C．Helping students set up business.D．Offering people medical advice.
小題2:What drove Vincent to start his own business?
A．His special family education background.
B．The need to keep his former way of 1ife.
C．The desire to be the CEO of a company.
D．The encouragement from another company.
小題3:What does the underlined phrase “aha moment” probably mean?
A．The moment to celebrate success.
B．The moment to comp1ain hardship.
C．The moment to have a great idea.
D．The moment to have great fun.
小題4:What can we 1earn from the text?
A．Vincent started his own business with the help of his col1ege.
B．Vincent went through great difficulty in the beginning.
C．Vincent promotes his business by large scale advertisements.
D．Vincent’s mother was disappointed by his achievement.

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