Question

【題目】Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Tributes（致哀）poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights 【1】 modern cosmology（宇宙學(xué)）and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.

Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS（肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥）at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely 【2】 to speak expect through a voice synthesizer（合成器）. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate（博士學(xué)位）on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.

Hawking’s first major 【3】 came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity（相對(duì)論）to 【4】 the origins of time and space to singularity（奇點(diǎn)），a single point of zero size and infinite density（無(wú)限大的密度）where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory（創(chuàng)世大爆炸理論）. Hawking was the first to try to 【5】 relativity with quantum mechanics（量子力學(xué)）. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal 【6】 to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would 【7】 forever.

In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution（分布）of matter might give rise to the 【8】 of galaxies（銀河系）in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.

For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics（盧卡斯數(shù)學(xué)教授席位），arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair（席位）and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor（英國(guó)榮譽(yù)勛位）by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international 【9】. The book, through which the professor brought complex science to a【10】 audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】E

【3】H

【4】A

【5】C

【6】K

【7】F

【8】I

【9】J

【10】G

【解析】

這是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹世界著名的英國(guó)物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金以及他對(duì)人類(lèi)做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

【1】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。句意：上周，世界著名的英國(guó)物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)收到了大量的致敬，他的洞見(jiàn)塑造了現(xiàn)代宇宙學(xué)，并激勵(lì)了全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)觀眾。根據(jù)last week可知句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)詞shape“塑造”的過(guò)去式。所以填shaped，故選B。

【2】考查形容詞。句意：疾病使他只能坐在輪椅上，除了通過(guò)語(yǔ)音合成器外，他基本上不能說(shuō)話。固定搭配：be unable to do sth.“不能做某事”。結(jié)合句意可知此處用形容詞unable“不能的”。所以填unable，故選E。

【3】考查名詞。句意：霍金的第一次重大突破出現(xiàn)在1970年。結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞breakthrough“突破”。所以填breakthrough，故選H。

【4】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在數(shù)學(xué)家羅杰·彭羅斯(Roger Penrose)的幫助下，霍金利用愛(ài)因斯坦的相對(duì)論，將時(shí)間和空間的起源推到了奇點(diǎn)——一個(gè)大小為零、密度為無(wú)窮大的單一點(diǎn)，在那里所有的物理定律都將被打破。結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)詞race“使急走，使全速行進(jìn)”。所以選race，故選A。

【5】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：霍金是第一個(gè)試圖把相對(duì)論和量子力學(xué)結(jié)合起來(lái)的人。固定搭配：try to do sth.“盡力去做某事”。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，再結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)詞marry。所以填marry，故選C。

【6】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這一提議引發(fā)了現(xiàn)代宇宙學(xué)中最激烈的爭(zhēng)論之一。固定短語(yǔ)：lead to“導(dǎo)致，引起”。句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，再結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)詞lead“導(dǎo)致，引領(lǐng)”的過(guò)去式。所以填led，故選K。

【7】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在霍金之前，人們普遍認(rèn)為黑洞是完全黑的，而且會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)存在下去。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would后面用動(dòng)詞原形。再結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)詞原形last“持續(xù)，持久”。所以填last，故選F。

【8】考查名詞。句意：1982年，霍金是第一個(gè)證明物質(zhì)分布的微小變化可能導(dǎo)致宇宙中星系的擴(kuò)展，并為我們所知的恒星、行星和生命播下種子的人之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)the ____8____ of可知此處用名詞形式，再再結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞spread“傳播，展開(kāi)”。所以填spread，故選I。

【9】考查名詞。句意：1988年出版的《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》為霍金贏得了國(guó)際聲譽(yù)。結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞reputation“名聲”。所以填reputation，故選J。

【10】考查名詞。句意：通過(guò)這本書(shū)，這位教授將復(fù)雜的科學(xué)介紹給了大眾，這本書(shū)已經(jīng)賣(mài)出了40種語(yǔ)言的至少1000萬(wàn)本書(shū)。再結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞mass“民眾”。所以填mass，故選G。