Question

Eat less and exercise more—it has long been a magic word for reducing those extra weight. But now it seems that all the hard work may have been in vain.

Scientists say there are ten other reasons why people just keep getting bigger. They say that sleeping habits, central heating, medicines and even some pollutants (污染物質(zhì)) can play a role in weight gain.

Traditionally, people have focused on diet and exercise to solve the problem. However the scientists from top US and Canadian universities say that other things must be considered.

Lack of sleep could be partly the reason. In recent years, the average night’s sleep has dropped from nine hours to just seven. Sleep shortage changes levels of the hormones (荷爾蒙) that control food intake and body fat and increase hunger and appetite.

If it is too hot or too cold, we burn calories (卡路里) to cool down or heat up. But if the temperature is just right, the calories may be turned into body fat instead.

Those who take medicine to control their blood pressure can often put on weight. Similarly, studies have shown that going on the Pill can add to a woman’s weight.

Mother nature may also be the reason, with our body shape being partly inherited (遺傳的). The overweight are also more likely to settle with partners of a similar size. And their children are more likely to be obese (肥胖的).

And the use of pollutants is on the rise, say the researchers. The man-made chemicals in pesticides (殺蟲劑) and plastics can lead to weight gain.

Your mother’s age and your weight at birth are also important, with older woman more likely to have obese children and underweight babies having a bigger chance of being obese in later life.

We also tend to put on weight as we get older. Finally, giving up smoking can also help pile on the pounds.

The scientists from Yale, Cornell and Johns Hopkins said there was some evidence supporting poor diet and lack of exercise as the main causes of obesity.

68. Which is commonly thought to be effective in losing weight?

A. To have operation to cut extra fat.

B. To take pills and avoid fatty food.

C. To sleep less to burn more calories.

D. To have less food and take more exercise.

69. Which of the following factors doesn’t lead to overweight?

A. Regular and enough sleep.               B. Comfortable living environment.

C. Not enough physical exercise.        D. harmful chemicals in the food.

70. Which of the following statements would the author agree to?

A. Lack of sleep leads you to take in more food.

B. Unpleasant weather helps you to put on weight.

C. Obese parents are not likely to have fat children.

D. Medicine for blood pressure helps you lose weight.

71. What would women prefer to do to have healthy children?

A. To have only one child.          

B. To marry at an older age.

C. To marry a strong husband.                  

D. To give birth to a baby at younger age.

Answer 1

DAA    D【文章大意】

“少吃點(diǎn)，多運(yùn)動(dòng)”一直是肥胖者的減肥“座右銘”。但科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)， 另有十條原因可以解釋人們?yōu)槭裁床煌５淖兣�。他們說，體重增加與睡眠習(xí)慣、中央供暖、藥物、甚至某些污染物等都有關(guān)。

68. 選D。根據(jù)第一段的第一句，“Eat less and exercise more”就是人們普遍認(rèn)為有效的減肥的做法，選項(xiàng)D的述符合文章的原意。

69. 選A。文章列出的發(fā)胖的原因有：睡眠不足、溫度適宜、降壓藥物的副作用、遺傳因素、污染物和化學(xué)物質(zhì)、媽媽的年齡和嬰兒出身時(shí)的體重等。最后一段說發(fā)胖的主要原因是飲食不合理和缺少鍛煉�？梢娺x項(xiàng)B、C、D都是導(dǎo)致發(fā)胖的因素。而充足的、有規(guī)律的睡眠不能導(dǎo)致發(fā)胖，故最佳答案為A。

70. 選A。第四段談到失眠可以改變體內(nèi)荷爾蒙的水平，導(dǎo)致攝入食物增加，造成肥胖。因此A的陳述符合文中作者的觀點(diǎn)。

71. 選D。第九段中談到母親的年齡和孩子的肥胖癥有關(guān)。高齡媽媽生產(chǎn)的嬰兒容易患肥胖癥。因此，母親應(yīng)趁年輕早生產(chǎn)，避免孩子將來發(fā)胖。