Men have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.
In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.
The study's participants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.
Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the bottom.
The aggregate（總數(shù)）scores of men and women were similar.
One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their homes.
"The female developmental program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground.," the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying.
The research tallies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.
It has been said that men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.
A past study has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds.
The argument for the change is that the increase of coursework at the cost of exams favors women's steady approach

  1. 1.

    The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ________

    1. A.
      man are smarter then women
    2. B.
      man are more stupid the women
    3. C.
      a new fact about the IQ of men and women has been found
    4. D.
      men are more likely to receive first class university degrees
  2. 2.

    According to Timothy Bates, less women are in the smartest group because _________

    1. A.
      they are born stupid
    2. B.
      they have to spend more time to tale care of their homes than men
    3. C.
      they don’t like to take risk
    4. D.
      they are not expected to be high achievers
  3. 3.

    The underlined word tallies with in the eighth paragraph means________

    1. A.
      agree with
    2. B.
      deal with
    3. C.
      go against
    4. D.
      go with
  4. 4.

    It can be inferred from the passage that_________

    1. A.
      Women are steadier in their learning
    2. B.
      men are more ready to take risk in everything
    3. C.
      women are securing more firsts and seconds
    4. D.
      women are doing much better in academy
  5. 5.

    Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage? _________

    1. A.
      Why are men smarter than women?
    2. B.
      Why are men more stupid than women?
    3. C.
      How does the result go along with the past research?
    4. D.
      How can we help the men in the bottom?
CBADD
試題分析：本文是一個(gè)調(diào)查報(bào)告的結(jié)果的說明，該報(bào)告是關(guān)于男性和女性那種性別更聰明的話題，分析了原因也涉及了與以前的研究報(bào)告的相似性。
1.C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主題段第一段Men have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.說明本文是關(guān)于一個(gè)研究男女生智力的研究報(bào)告，故C正確。
2.B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their homes.說明女性不如男性聰明可能是因?yàn)榕砸ㄙM(fèi)很多的時(shí)間來照顧家人，故B正確。
3.A 推理題。根據(jù)本句The research tallies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.說明這個(gè)研究的成果和以前的說法是相近的，都是男性可能在第一流的學(xué)習(xí)方面要優(yōu)于女性，故該詞是指同意，與…一致。故A正確。
4.D 推斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段It has been said that men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.說明在專業(yè)方面女性現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)得更好更穩(wěn)定，而男性則過于冒險(xiǎn)。
5.D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段說明C正確；根據(jù)文章6,7段說明討論的AB兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容沒有涉及。故Ｄ項(xiàng)符合要求。
考點(diǎn)：考查調(diào)查報(bào)告類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文是一個(gè)調(diào)查報(bào)告的結(jié)果的說明，該報(bào)告是關(guān)于男性和女性那種性別更聰明的話題，從題目設(shè)置的角度看，本題側(cè)重對(duì)學(xué)生把握文章中心段落和各段落的中心句的能力的考查，所以遇到這類題后，要注意把握好文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章中心意思，找到各段落中心句。不要讓文中的一些生詞影響了注意力。
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Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
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The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
【小題1】We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
【小題2】According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A．ways of making choicesB．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishmentsD．responses to suggestions
【小題3】The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
C．women focus more on outcomes
D．men are more likely to take risks

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Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
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Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
【小題1】We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
【小題2】According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A．ways of making choicesB．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishmentsD．responses to suggestions
【小題3】The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
C．women focus more on outcomes
D．men are more likely to take risks

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Decision-making under Stress
　　A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.
　　The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
　　“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
　　For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
　　This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
　　The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
　　Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
　　This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
【小題1】We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
【小題2】According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A．ways of making choicesB．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishmentsD．responses to suggestions
【小題3】The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
C．women focus more on outcomes
D．men are more likely to take risks

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Decision-making under Stress

A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”

For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.

The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A. keep rewards better in their memory

B. recall consequences more effortlessly

C. make risky decisions more frequently

D. learn a subject more effectively

2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

A. ways of making choices          B. preference for pleasure

C. tolerance of punishments      D. responses to suggestions

3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits

B. men have a greater tendency to slow down

C. women focus more on outcomes

D. men are more likely to take risks

 

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Decision-making under Stress

　　A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.

　　The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

　　“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”

　　For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.

　　This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.

　　The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

　　Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

　　This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A．keep rewards better in their memory

B．recall consequences more effortlessly

C．make risky decisions more frequently

D．learn a subject more effectively

2.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

A．ways of making choices                   B．preference for pleasure

C．tolerance of punishments                 D．responses to suggestions

3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits

B．men have a greater tendency to slow down

C．women focus more on outcomes

D．men are more likely to take risks

 

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