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Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical（批判性的）thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（過程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word "critical" here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning (錯誤的推理).
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker; if you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today's world, fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banish Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, "Please go slowly, I don't understand things quickly."
小題1:Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically,__________.
A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast
B．we will follow the ideas of others naturally
C．we might be controlled by other people's ideas
D．we might be fooled by other people's ideas
小題2:If you are a critical thinker, you will________.
A．criticize other people for their mistakesB．trust the reports in the newspapers
C．take one view against another viewD．think deeply about different ideas
小題3:In the last paragraph, "something new" suggests that________.
A．the smarter you are, the faster you do things
B．intelligence is not decided by speed
C．speed can improve intelligence
D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Understanding Critical ThinkingB．Thinking and Critical Thinking
C．Thinking Natural and HumanD．Thinking Fast Means Intelligence

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A

試題分析：文章介紹批判性思維的概念，我們要學會批判性思考否則就會被別人控制。判斷性思維會讓你考慮不同的問題更深刻。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第一段的： Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others.說明我們沒有批判性的思考就會被別人控制。選C
小題2:推理題：從第二段的句子：The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen-beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.說明判斷性思維會讓你考慮不同的問題更深刻。選D。
小題3:猜測詞義題,從最后一段的句子：If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence（智力）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein.說明智力不是速度決定的。選B。
小題4:主旨題：從第一段的句子：Thinking about thinking is the key to critical（批判性的）thinking.和全篇文章可知這篇文章是對批判性思維的理解。選A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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小題1:We could learn from the new report in Para.1 that         .
A．sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest hunger rate
B．African farmers have ideas to help fighting hunger and poverty
C．women farmers grow vegetables in the Kibera settlement
D．women farmers grow vegetables to send their children to school.
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A．private vegetablesB．side products
C．leftover vegetablesD．home-made products
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A．the women spend more money on education instead of farming
B．more and more African people should live in and around cities
C．researchers find creative ideas to feed the people suffering hunger
D．people in the Western world do the same as the Africans have done
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A．Farmers in developing world often lose some of their harvest
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D．Attention should be paid to saving food instead of producing food
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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A．SometimesB．SometimeC．Some timeD．Some times
小題2:
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小題3:
A．makeB．turnC．changeD．eat
小題4:
A．asB．likeC．withD．together
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A．trainsB．planesC．fishing boatsD．life boats
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A．the worldB．countriesC．the eastD．developing countries
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A．cookB．eatC．makeD．take
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A．ofB．fromC．intoD．up to
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A．Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease
B．Yawning Cools Your Brain
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My grandparents were married for over half a century, and played their own special game the time they had met each other. The goal of their game was to write the word “shmily” in a surprise place for the other to find. They took turns leaving “shmily” around the house, and as soon as one of them discovered it, it was their turn to hide it once more. They dragged “shmily” with their fingers through the sugar and flour containers to await whoever was preparing the next meal. “Shmily” was written in the steam left on the mirror after a hot shower, where it would reappear bath after bath. There was no end to the places where “shmily” would pop up. Little notes with “shmily” were found on car seats, or taped to steering wheels. The notes were put inside shoes and left under pillows. “Shmily” was written in the dust upon the mantel（壁爐架）and traced in the ashes of the fireplace. This mysterious word was as much a part of my grandparents’ house as the furniture.
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But there was a dark cloud in my grandparents’ life: my grandmother had breast cancer. The disease had first appeared ten years earlier. As always, Grandpa was with her every step of the way. He comforted her in their yellow room, painted that way so that she could always be surrounded by sunshine, even when she was too sick to go outside. But my grandmother grew steadily weaker until, finally, she could not leave the house anymore. Then one day, what we all dreaded finally happened. Grandma was gone.
“Shmily.” It was written in yellow on the pink ribbons of my grandmother’s funeral bouquet (花束). As the crowd thinned and the last mourners turned to leave, Grandpa stepped up to my grandmother’s coffin and, taking a shaky breath, he began to sing to her. Through his tears and grief, the song came: S-h-m-i-l-y: See How Much I Love You.
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a.in the flour containers
b.on the mirror
c.on the sheet of toilet paper
d.on pillows
e.on the furniture
A．a, bB．b, cC．a, dD．b, e
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C．how the author appreciated her grandparents’ game
D．how the author’s grandparents cared for each other
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A．thought the game was meaningless
B．believes everyone can experience true love
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D．sometimes left “shmily” around the house
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Michelle,
Why can't my daughter manage her life better? She is 17 and an honor student, but she seems to be wasting her life away with a boyfriend who is holding her back.
He consumes every waking minute of her precious time and smooth-talks her as well.
His goal is to get her to agree to go to the college of his choice, not her choice, and because his grades are lower, his choice will be limited.
I feel like I want to rescue her, but she pushes me away and shuts me out. She has only brought us pride and joy; and now this! Help!
A worried mother
Dear Mother of a 17-year-old Girl,
Hmmmmm. What's the matter with kids today? Remember that song from "Bye Bye Birdie"?
Well if you do not, let me fill you in about teenagers and their life-management skills. Do not expect too much too soon because at the ripe age of 17, life-management is not within their reach, nor should it be.
Life experience creates both the conditions and the skills for management, and if management went before experience, there would be little of it.
Your daughter is an honor student for good reasons. She is smart, studies with intelligence and you have given her good values.
When the time comes for her to apply for college, and she visits the ones that are specifically designed for students at the top of their grade, she will most likely break away from her boyfriend's influence.
It is rare for an honor student to change the path of their academic career for puppy love. That being said, there might be some adolescent wisdom in her behavior after all.
Perhaps she is choosing to worry you, her parents, for unconscious reasons. Being such a good girl and being a steady source of joy might have become a bit too much for her.
Let your daughter have her own private moment of 11th grade rebellion. She deserves a break from perfection.
Michelle
小題1:From the mother's letter we can learn that her daughter              .
A．is being fooled by the boy
B．has fallen behind in her studies
C．doesn't talk much with her mother
D．has chosen which college to attend
小題2:According to Michelle, 17-year-old teenagers              .
A．are too young to manage their life
B．are old enough to live their own life
C．should have management before experience
D．have reached the age of an adult
小題3:The underlined word "puppy-love" refer to          .
A．false loveB．foolish love
C．pure loveD．adolescent love
小題4:Michelle seems to believe that the daughter will finally          .
A．come up with the right decision
B．follow her boyfriend's advice
C．worry her parents for unconscious reasons
D．influence her boyfriend's behavior
小題5:The best title for the passage would be           .
A．College of kids' own choice
B．How can I help my girl?
C．How to manage teenagers' life?
D．A 17-year-old girl and her mother

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Michael Williams , an American student , took part in an Outward Bound course last year . He said : “We learned lots of first aid skills , lots of natural history , lots of environmental facts , and participated in a wildlife preservation ( protecting ) programme . Beyond that , my favorite skills learned were sailing and rock climbing .”
Courses can last up to 40 days and are open to anyone over the age of 14 . Students must be in general good health , but do not need to be experienced in outdoor-sports . There is no selection process ; everyone is welcome , although new participants are advised to pick a course matching their physical power .
Most of the British courses take place in the Beacons in Wales . Another similar organization is the UK Survival School , which includes courses on learning to live with the environment , sailing and winter survival . On a basic survival weekend students will learn how to get water and food , how to make fire and cook with it , to find and build a shelter , control survival life support , how to cross rivers , send off an SOS signal , and to use compasses by day and night .
According to the leaders , such adventures are “an awakening , an exploration into unknown.” Outward Bound believes that participants will “use mind and body traveling some of the earth’s roughest wildness areas .”
小題1:The advantage of the training courses is that _________________ .
A．participants can make friends with others
B．participants can visit some places of interest
C．participants can experience different adventures
D．participants can learn how wonderful nature is
小題2: In the Outward Bound course last year , the most exciting experience Michael Williams had was _____________________.
A．learning first aid skillsB．collecting facts of environment
C．preserving wildlifeD．rock climbing and sailing
小題3:What’s the writer’s purpose to write this passage ?
A．To introduce the training course to readers
B．To persuade readers to take part in the training courses.
C．To tell readers the danger of this training course
D．To introduce the wonders of the world to readers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有療效的) In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy(心理療法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.
小題1:The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.
A．preparing a topic list firstB．focusing on one’s own mind
C．directing the talk to the desired resultsD．experiencing the speaker’s inside world
小題2:What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．How to listen well.B．What to listen to.
C．Benefits of listening.D．Problems in listening
小題3:According to the author, in communication people tend to ________.
A．listen activelyB．listen purposefully
C．set aside their prejudicesD．open up their inner mind
小題4:According to the author, the patients improved mainly because _______.
A．they were taken good care of.B．they knew they were truly listened to.
C．they had partners to talk to.D．they knew the roots of problems.
小題5:What type of writing the article likely to be?
A．Science fictionB．A news report.C．A medical report.D．Popular science

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