With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9:00 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pajama’s(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.

All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.

This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds” ------ the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls, this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.

1.What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?

A. Many students are absent from class.

B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.

C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.

D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.

2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?

A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.

B. Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems.

C. One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.

D. Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern.

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”?

A. Criticized B. Grouped C. Organized D. Named

4.What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Functions of the body clock.

B. The “night owl” phenomenon.

C. Human beings’ sleep behaviour.

D. The school schedule of “early birds”.

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Dear Sophie,

I am glad to know that you are keen on Chinese culture.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________-

Yours, sincerely

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Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.

In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.

The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.

Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20-metre-wide canals had been carved through the mountain.

Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.

1.What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?

A. Reducing flooding and watering farmland.

B. Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.

C. Watering farmland and improving water quality.

D. Drying the river and supplying cities with water.

2.What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding?

A. Heavy rains. B. Melting snow.

C. Low river banks. D. Steep mountains.

3.How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?

A. By using gunpowder.

B. By flooding the rocks with water.

C. By applying a heating and cooling technique.

D. By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.

4.Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?

A. It preserves much of the natural river life.

B. It took very little time to complete the project.

C. The building techniques used were very modem.

D. It has raised the living standards of the local people.

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