The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了癮的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.
In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.
For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.
“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.
Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.
The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.
Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
小題1: The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.
小題2: How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?
小題3:What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?

小題1:chemicals in the brain
小題2: By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.
小題3:To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.

試題分析：本文主要敘述的是一項(xiàng)研究，研究人腦中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是如何控制我們的行為的，尤其是如何控制我們的肥胖的。
小題1:chemicals in the brain
細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段2,3行If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good.可知正是老鼠釋放的化學(xué)物質(zhì)讓它感覺很好。
小題2: By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.
細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第五段2,3行They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals.可知他們向老鼠的大腦里投放了一定數(shù)量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。以此來研究具體的反應(yīng)。
小題3: To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.
推理題。根據(jù)文章主體段第一段最后2行Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.可知這個(gè)研究的目的在于理解頭腦中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是如何導(dǎo)致我們的肥胖的。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a cab, a woman seemed in such a hurry. She constantly rushed the cab driver to drive quickly. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts of getting to the airport as soon as possible that she was not aware they were going by a different route.
All of a sudden, a young man got inside the cab. He took her handbag in which she had put her visa, passport, and all the money for the trip.
The cab driver, who was in collusion with the robber, left her in the exactly middle of a dark street. She thought that she was rather unfortunate in the very situation.
During the very night, she was told a piece of shocking news. Tears came down her cheek. Flight 360, the plane that she should have got on board, had crashed. Had she not lost her important belongings, she could surely have lost the thing far more precious——her life.
Sometimes bad things really happen. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what should we do about it? We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the faith that we will get what we deserve. 
Don’t waste your time and energy on things that can’t be changed. Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you’ll be doing much more damage than what was previously done.
What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?
There was a man who won the lottery. He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on.
But when he one day made it to the front page of the newspaper again, it was a different story. He had been killed because of his riches. If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it. Life is so unpredictable. You never know what will happen next.
Live one day at a time. We sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble. But please don’t forget: sometimes misfortune can be the source of happiness. Live for the moment. Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine. Believe me. And believe in yourself. As Captain Planet always says, “The power is yours！”
小題1: The underlined phrase “in collusion with” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________.”
A．was forced byB．was fighting bravely against
C．was doing one’s best to begD．had cooperated with
小題2: From the passage, we learn that ________.
A．robbers are sure to get what they want
B．somebody never runs out of good luck
C．the woman was lucky to miss her flight
D．if one feels oneself lucky, he or she will continue to be so
小題3: The writer presents the second example in order to ________.
A．warn people of the danger of winning the lottery
B．tell people life is unpredictable
C．encourage people to buy lottery
D．persuade people not to be greedy
小題4: According to the author, which of the following choices is the correct attitude to adopt to life?
A．Never waste any time or energy because time is so limited.
B．One needn’t be worried or feel frustrated. Believe in yourself.
C．Even while everything appears to be going smoothly, we should keep fully alert.
D．Worrying about what you don’t have
小題5: The passage above is intended to tell us ________.
A．misfortune sometimes is a blessing
B．we should save up for a rainy day
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My house is made of wood, glass and stone. It is also made of software.
If you come to visit, you'll probably be surprised when you come in: Someone will give you an electronic PIN to wear. The PIN tells the house who you are and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it's dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights near you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you, too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it for you. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.
Of course, you are also able to want something. There is a home control console (控制臺) which is a small machine that turns things on and off around you.
The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you the key to my car, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the key. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.
I believe that in ten years from now, most new houses will have the systems that I've put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I've got.
I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others'. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, ”How did I live without them?”
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A．bamboo B．woodC．glassD．software
小題2:What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?
A．An IT expert.B．A famous doctor.
C．A sportsman.D．An experienced teacher.
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A．it has your favorite music following you
B．you can make a telephone call anywhere
C．the writer is able to change his new idea into practice
D．it is controlled by computers
小題4:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．How to develop a new system.B．The function of the PIN.
C．How great the computers are.D．Easy life in the future.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some say college is wasted on the young. So many of us look back at our own college years and realize what we could have done differently to make the most of them. While we can’t go back, we certainly can offer our sons and daughters our best advice to help them make the right choices in college. Hopefully, they will have fewer regrets than we do. Following are five guidelines parents can share with their college-bound kids to put the whole experience in perspective.
EDUCATION IS YOUR FIRST PRIORITY
As soon as you arrive on campus, there will be competing interests. Feel free to check them out but always remember that you are there first and foremost for your education. Go to class prepared and on time. Be engaged during class. Make sure your professor knows you and realizes that you care.
BE RESPONSIBLE
There are many layers of responsibility. Do what you say you will do and, if you can’t, own up to it early and communicate clearly. But being responsible isn’t just about meeting your commitments; it is also about taking care of you, your body, and your friends. For example, more than 1800 college students die annually from alcohol-related injuries. Look out for yourself and other people. Make moderate, sensible decisions so you aren’t reeling from the consequences later.
TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY
Incredible opportunities will present themselves: studying abroad, interning at a unique place, trying new things. Don’t let fear prevent you from taking advantage of them. There may never be so much time or as many resources devoted to your betterment again in your life. Say yes to opportunities that will help you grow.
FIND AND BE A MENTOR
Some of the best lessons available to us can come outside of the classroom in the form of a mentor. One of the most powerful growth opportunities is being a mentor. Early on, find someone on campus who you feel can help you grow and develop a relationship with him or her. Also find someone for you to mentor. You will reinforce and enrich your own learning experience by teaching someone else.
GET THE JOB DONE
It is natural to occasionally feel you want to quit, when it makes more sense to you to go find a full-time job. Resist that urge. As Jocelyn Negron-Rios, a mother of two, who is currently completing her degree, advises, “No matter how difficult it seems, keep at it because however insurmountable it feels now multiply that by 10,000 and that is how it feels when you are in your thirties with a full-time job and a family and are trying to pursue a degree.”
小題1:According to the passage, the most important thing for college students is ______.
A．taking part in different activities
B．working hard to get a degree
C．seizing every chance to try new things
D．improving themselves by learning from the others
小題2:Which of the following about college life is true?
A．Passing on what you’ve learned in college can help you enrich your learning experience.
B．Make sure that you are responsible for yourself rather than others.
C．Professors will not assess your performances in class but the grades you get in exams.
D．You can make full use of the opportunity whenever you want.
小題3:What can we infer from the words said by Jocelyn in the last paragraph?
A．Persistence is the key to success when you meet with difficulties in your learning process.
B．It is better if you gain more working experience before you finish your education.
C．As long as you work hard, you can gain a degree even when you are in your thirties.
D．Youth is the best time to learn since you have less burden.
小題4:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To give some rules for the college students.
B．To call on the students to make full use of college years.
C．To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are various aspects that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in various ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.
In the school, administrative assistants greet students at the start of the day and answer a large quantity of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.
Meanwhile, though cafeteria workers have a short space of time to interact with students, they can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.
Custodians (管理員) are usually underappreciated for what they offer to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (復(fù)雜的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.
小題1:The purpose of the passage is to _______.
A．emphasize the role teachers play in a school
B．highlight the contributions of other staff at school besides teachers.
C．tell us who make the greatest contributions to a school
D．explain what contributes to the success of a student
小題2:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that _________.
A．he is paid particular attention toB．he is special
C．he has done something wrongD．he has made progress in study
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?
A．It’s enough for them to cook for the students.
B．It’s hard for them to interact with the students.
C．They have the most interaction with students at school.
D．They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.
小題4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?
A．Disappointed.B．Dissatisfied.C．Appreciative.D．Doubtful.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The energy crisis has made people aware of how the careless use of the earth’s energy has brought the whole world to the edge of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more traveling, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth’s atmosphere.
Our present situation is unlike natural disasters of the past. Worldwide energy use has brought us to a state where long-range planning is vital. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.
This country has been failing back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation(揭露) that lawbreaking has reached into the highest place in the land. There is a strong demand for morality to turn for the better and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own benefits that people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.
This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other people of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to employ new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.
To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis we and the world are facing is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists’ only fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the result of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.
小題1:Which of the following has nearly destroyed our cities?
A．The loss of beliefs and ideas.
B．More of law-breaking.
C．Natural disasters in many areas.
D．The rapid growth of motors.
小題2:By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws our attention to the        .
A．seriousness of this crisis
B．ineffectiveness of laws
C．similarity of the past to the present
D．hopelessness of the situation
小題3:Which of the following is used as an example to show the loss of morality?
A．Disregard for law.B．Lack of devotion.
C．Lack of understanding.D．Destruction of cities.
小題4:The author wrote the passage in order to        .
A．make a recommendation for a transformed life style
B．limit ambitions of the people of the whole world
C．demand devotion to nature and future generation
D．encourage awareness of the decline of morality

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a pleasant companion（伙伴） to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog，you will have a lot of troubles.
Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the possible problems before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it is a good idea to go to the library for books about different kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a young dog. In reading about the different breeds(種類)you should know that a dog described(描述)as very alert(機(jī)敏靈活的)may be too active. When a book describes a dog as an excellent hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small house. Dog breeds vary(變化)in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd（牧羊犬）. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship（陪伴）. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to control. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the home.
小題1:According to the passage, one can get information about different kinds of dogs      .
A．by going to the library
B．by asking someone who has enough experience about different kinds of dogs
C．by buying a dog and training it
D．by reading books about dogs
小題2:The German shepherd is a popular dog      .
A．because it is easy to train
B．because it is big and strong
C．because it is powerful and friendly
D．because it is alert and active
小題3:Which is the best topic of the passage?
A．The care and proper selection of dogs for families.
B．Different breeds of dogs.
C．Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.
D．Different kinds of books about dogs.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Retail therapy（購物療法）has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does retail therapy exist，but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death.
Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.
Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters.
The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions（妄想）often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.
Ayalla Ruvio，a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse.
Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2007. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress，while their tendency to shop was increased.
Dr Ruvio said, "The relationship between materialism and stress may be more harmful than commonly thought.”
The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.
小題1:Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text?
A．Terrorism is believed to easily cause the rise of materialism.
B．The materialistic find terrorism and war more stressful than others.
C．The scientists think possession obsessions help people get self-respect.
D．The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally.
小題2:Why did Dr Ruvio choose to study the two groups of Israeli citizens mentioned in the passage?
A．They enjoy the special shopping culture.
B．The stresses they face are usually deadly.
C．They are in different situation in terms of war.
D．They are usually active participants for researchers.
小題3:What's the result about Dr Ruvio's research?
A．Impulsive spending does good to people's health.
B．Shopping can't lower one's stress as it is expected.
C．Faced with great stress, people feel hopeless for life.
D．Faced with threat，people's wish to shop will decrease.
小題4:Which of the following events threaten people's life?
①Greater stress; ②Car accidents; ③Criminal attacks；. ④Natural disasters;
A．①②③B．②③④C．①②④D．①③④
小題5:What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Greater stress can lead to shopping.
B．Greater stress can cause a lot of diseases
C．Shopping is very important in people's life.
D．Can shopping reduce the stress and relieve the fear of death?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As rain begins to fall from the clouds, it is very pure. However, as it falls through the air it dissolves some of the gases in the air ,It also collects bits of dust and microbes(微生物)that are floating in the air, When the rain reaches the ground it begins to pick up more dust and dirt, Many kinds of mineral substances dissolve in the water ,Sand and nud cannot dissolve in water.
Since water is so important to us, it is very important that the water we use should be clean , Otherwise, we might get some of the diseases that are carried by water Many microbes are harmful ,They are so small that we cannot see them ,These microbes must be removed or killed before the water is not clean, people who drink this water may get these diseases, Thus , to provide people with clean water, the government purifies the water.
Purification is a long process and consists of three stages: storing ,purifying and distributing ,The first stage is storing , Man-made lakes called reservoirs are used for this purpose ,Water from the rains ,other lakes, streams and rivers is collected in the reservoirs ,This water is usually dirty and muddy.
In the second stage shich is purifying , water from the reservoirs is filtered in a special pond, Stones, sand and other unwanted tiny things are caught in it, After that, tiny microbes are still present in the water ,These microbes are removed by “airing ”the water and by adding a chemical substance called chloring(氯)to the water ,This kills all the microbes in the water ,A fter this the water can be safely used for drinking.
The third stage is the distribution of the purified water to homes ,hospitals, offices ,factories and other places, This is done through a network of pipes of various sizes, These pipes must be make of a suitable material.
小題1:From Paragraph 1, we can learn that           
A．Rain has contained gases when it forms in the clouds
B．Dust and microbes are dissolved in rain when rain falls on the ground
C．The closer rain is to the ground, the more impure things it contains
D．Sand and mud are things rain collects when it falls through the air
小題2:According to Paragraph 2 ,the following statements are wrong except that        
A．All the microbes in water are harmful so water must be purified
B．some diseases can spread through drinking water if it is not clean
C．Water is safe to drink if only harmful microbes are removed from it
D．it is the govrnment’s responsibility to make drinking water clean
小題3:What can we know about man-made lakes?
A．It is used through the whole process of purification
B．Only rain water can be collected and stored in it
C．Water collected can be stored and filtered in it
D．Water from them contains a lot of impure substances
小題4:What is the function of the chemical substance chlorine?
A．to air the waterB．to catch tiny things
C．to kill microbesD．to remove harmful gases
小題5:What is probably this passage?
A．A news reportB．A book reviewC．A magazine articleD．A school paper

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