8.To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not(41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstance are(42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the(43)Abut also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression(44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more(45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture--apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More  newspaper writers  have  written  about  the  growing  importance  of(47)D-apologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice colums,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of(48)Capologies.Although they are not carried out in the public places,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why(49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for(50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whether they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong(51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so
Why refuse?
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41.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.occasionallyD.a(chǎn)ccidentally
42.A.simpleB.ridiculousC.a(chǎn)bnormalD.different
43.A.individualB.companyC.familyD.society
44.A.conflictsB.mattersC.a(chǎn)ppealsD.deceives
45.A.urgentB.riskyC.boringD.simple
46.A.interestedlyB.patientlyC.frequentlyD.hopefully
47.A.faithfulB.reliableC.confusingD.public
48.A.sincereB.a(chǎn)cceptableC.privateD.positive
49.A.botherB.reduceC.regretD.ignore
50.A.promotionB.criticismC.a(chǎn)ppreciationD.identification
51.A.personallyB.willC.reasonD.desire
52.A.a(chǎn)ttemptB.involveC.commitD.a(chǎn)void
53.A.politicallyB.professionallyC.a(chǎn)cademicallyD.physically
54.A.a(chǎn)voidanceB.a(chǎn)dmissionC.involvementD.elimination
55.A.fulfillmentB.statementC.occupationD.strategy

分析 本文為社會生活類說明文;文章主要就作為領(lǐng)導道歉進行分析;首先,作者分析了為什么對領(lǐng)導來說道歉困難,因為領(lǐng)導道歉還要代表機構(gòu)層面;其次,作者分析了道歉的緊迫性;因為過錯性的行為比以往任何時候更頻繁,在美國已經(jīng)形成了道歉文化;第三,作者分析了道歉是否必要;道歉會影響個人和機構(gòu)的聲譽,領(lǐng)導不能經(jīng)常道歉,除非有重要的原因;第四,作者分析了作為領(lǐng)導為什么拒絕道歉,因為道歉意味著承認錯誤,這會對他們的職業(yè)和他所服務(wù)的機構(gòu)造成損害.

解答 41-45   BDABA  46-50 CDCAB  51-55 CDBBD
41.答案是B.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.immediately 立即B.intentionally有意地 C.occasionally偶然地 D.a(chǎn)ccidentally意外地;根據(jù)句意,當我們對認識的人不公正地對待,甚至不是"有意"地,我們都應該道歉.故選B.
42.答案是D.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.simple 簡單的B.ridiculous荒唐的 C.a(chǎn)bnormal 不正常的D.different不同的;根據(jù)語境,我們不公正地對待他人應該道歉,但是當我們是領(lǐng)導時,情況就"不同"了,由but判斷前后對照,故選D. 
43.答案是A.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.individual 個人B.company 公司C.family 家庭D.society 社會;根據(jù)語境,作為領(lǐng)導,道歉就不僅僅是"個人"層面上的,而且是代表某個機構(gòu),與institution(機構(gòu))相對應的是"個人",故選A.
44.答案是B.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.conflicts 沖突B.matters重要,要緊 C.a(chǎn)ppeals呼吁,有吸引力 D.deceives 欺騙;根據(jù)語境可知,作為領(lǐng)導,道歉時每個詞句都很"重要",故選B.
45.答案是A.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.urgent緊迫的 B.risky高風險的 C.boring 令人厭倦的D.simple簡單的;由本段的小標題Why now?推斷作者建議現(xiàn)在就道歉,說明"緊迫性",故答案是A.
46.答案是C.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.interestedly感興趣地 B.patiently 耐心地C.frequently頻繁地 D.hopefully充滿希望地;題干中的"has developed an apology-culture 形成了道歉的文化"和"apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of 各種各樣的道歉以及為各種各樣的錯誤行為道歉"說明了道歉的"頻繁",故選C.
47.答案是D.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.faithful 忠誠的B.reliable可信賴的 C.confusing 令人困惑的D.public 公開的;根據(jù)語境可知,meanwhile(同時)連接了兩個對照的情況,meanwhile上文講述的是"公開"道歉的必要性;下文講述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是D.
48.答案是C.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.sincere 真誠的B.a(chǎn)cceptable 可接受的C.private 私下的D.positive 積極的;根據(jù)語境,meanwhile下文講述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是C.
49.答案是A.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.bother麻煩 B.reduce減少 C.regret 后悔D.ignore忽視;本題為小標題中的動詞,根據(jù)下文語境"Why do we apologize為什么要道歉"推斷,該部分分析道歉的必要性,即"為什么麻煩(去道歉)",故選A.
50答案是B.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.promotion促銷,晉升 B.criticism 批評C.a(chǎn)ppreciation欣賞,感激 D.identification 身份;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導道歉很容易會成為"批評"的目標,故選B.
51.答案是C.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.personality個性 B.will 意愿C.reason 原諒D.desire 渴望;根據(jù)上文語境,作者認為領(lǐng)導不應該經(jīng)常道歉;他們道歉需要有重要的"原因",故選C.
52.答案是D.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.a(chǎn)ttempt 試圖,企圖B.involve卷入,參與 C.commit 致力于,做錯事D.a(chǎn)void 避免;由該部分的小標題"Why refuse"推斷領(lǐng)導常常會盡力"避免"道歉,故選D.
53.答案是B.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.politically 政治上B.professionally 職業(yè)上C.a(chǎn)cademically 學術(shù)上D.physically 身體上;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導是公眾人們,道歉會對他們的"職業(yè)"造成危害,故選B.
54.答案是B.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.a(chǎn)voidance 避免B.a(chǎn)dmission承認 C.involvement 卷入,參與D.elimination 消除;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導也害怕"承認"錯誤,故選B.
55.答案是D.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.fulfillment實現(xiàn)B.statement 陳述,聲明C.occupation 職業(yè),占據(jù)D.strategy 策略;根據(jù)句意,道歉是高風險的"策略",所以領(lǐng)導完全有理由在艱難的情況下硬撐;故選D.

點評 選詞填空類完形旨在考查考生對英語詞匯的把握和在語篇中的綜合運用能力、閱讀理解能力.解答此類題,首先要瀏覽所給詞匯,對這些詞匯的意義、詞性有一個初步的了解,然后在通讀全文,了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上進行試填;答完后再通讀一篇文章,確保語句通順,語意連貫.

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