So biologists were ________ early this year when with the help of the Navy, they were able to ________ a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds．


  1. A.
    delighting：keep track of
  2. B.
    delighted：keep in touch of
  3. C.
    delighting：keep an eye out
  4. D.
    delighted：keep track of
D
delighting意為“讓……高興的”，delighted意為“某人感到高興的”：說明人的用delighted：keep track of“跟蹤”。
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011年山東省蒼山縣高二下學(xué)期期末模塊水平考試英語 題型：閱讀理解

The researchers, led by Hwang Woo-suk, insist they cloned an Afghan hound, only to help investigate (研究) human disease, including the possibility of cloning stem cells (干細胞) for treatment purposes.
But others immediately renewed calls for a global ban on human reproductive cloning before the technology moves any farther.
“Successful cloning of an increasing number of species confirms the general impression that it would be possible to clone any species of mammals, including humans,” said Ian Wilmut, a reproductive biologist at the University of Edinburgh who produced the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep, from an adult cell nearly a decade ago.
Researchers have since cloned cats, goats, cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, horses, deer, mules and gaur, a large wild ox of Southeast Asia. So far, efforts to clone a monkey or another primate with the same techniques have failed.
Uncertainties about the health and life span (壽命) of cloned animals continue to exsist; Dolly died at a young age in 2003 after developing cancer and arthritis.
Wilmut and others complimented Hwang’s achievement, reported Wednesday in the journal Nature. But they said politicians and scientists must face the larger issue — how to go on with the research without crossing the moral boundary of copying human life in the lab.
“The ability to use the technology is hopeful,” said Robert Schenken, president of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. “However, the paper also points out that in dogs as in most species, cloning for reproductive purposes is unsafe.”
The cloned puppy was the lone success from more than 100 dogs implanted (嵌入)with more than 1,000 cloned embryos.
In a news conference in Seoul, the cloning team also condemnedthe reproductive cloning of humans as “unsafe and inefficient.” Human reproductive cloning already is banned in South Korea. Other nations, including the United States, are divided on whether to ban just human cloning or cloning of all kinds, including the production of stem cells.
【小題1】 An Afghan hound is a kind of ______.

A．catB．dogC．cowD．goat
【小題2】 A ______ is a large wild ox of Southeast Asia.
A．horseB．deerC．mules D．gaur
【小題3】Accrding to the passage, scientists haven’t been able to clone a ______ so far.
A．deerB．muleC．monkeyD．mouse
【小題4】The underlined word complimented is probably similar in meaning to ______.
A．praisedB．doubtedC．refusedD．gave up
【小題5】The cloning of human beings is banned in ______. 
A．South Korea
B．the United States
C．both South Korea and the United States
D．neither South Korea nor the United States

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆福建省高二第一次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Most people regard zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators（捕食性動物） don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.

To learn more about how captivity(監(jiān)禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists led by Mason, a biologist, compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in the wild. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 elephants in zoos.

The team found that female elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts（同類事物） who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years——more than three times as long.

Scientists don't yet know for sure why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Mason thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise as they do in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large groups.

Another finding from the study showed that elephants born in zoos were more likely to die earlier than elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.

The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and keep healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.

1.The text tells us that zoo elephants are different from other zoo animals because they________

A．develop health problems.

B．1ive to a ripe old age.

C．a(chǎn)re not afraid of predators.

D．have difficulty eating food.

2.What do the scientists find in their research?

A．Female elephants live longer than male elephants.

B．Female zoo elephants die earlier than their wild counterparts.

C．Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.

D．Both elephants in zoos and those in the wild live in large herds.

3.Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph?

A．Zoo-born elephants should be attended more carefully

B．Elephants are no longer an endangered species.

C．It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.

D．Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.

4.Which of the following can be the best title?

A．Comparison between two species of elephants

B．Longer lives for wild elephants

C．Female elephants suffer from poor health.

D．Longer lives for zoo animals.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇南京三中（六中校區(qū)）高二下學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注視) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.

Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle ,with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.

Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.

"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.

"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潛意識的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(進化) to respond to."

The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.

1.This passage is mainly about _______________.

A．the policy of honesty

B．a(chǎn)n honesty box to collect money

C．evolution on honesty

D．a(chǎn)n experiment on honesty

2.The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.

A．wanted to get a comparatively more exact result

B．had known they wanted to do something illegally

C．meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues

D．intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price

3.People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.

A．they want to leave a good impression

B．they fear to be laughed at by others

C．they've got the nature through evolution

D．they take the photo for a real pair of eyes

4.The underlined phrase" sheds light on" in the last paragraph means _____.

A．causes somebody to become cheerful

B．makes something easier to understand

C．comes upon something by accident

D．brings something into the broad daylight

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：河南省鄭州市畢業(yè)年級第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

Your cellphone holds secrets about you.  Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, traces of your DNA remain on it, according to a new study.

DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you - unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today usually analyze DNA in blood, saliva （唾液）or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and victims.

Meghan J. McFadden, a biologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cellphone and later dropped it. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA remained on cellphones - even when no blood was involved. To find out, she and a colleague collected flip-style （翻蓋式）phones from 10 volunteers. They collected invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user’s ear.

The scientists cleaned the phones using a liquid mixture made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then they returned the phones and the researchers collected traces on each phone once more. They discovered DNA that belonged to the phone’s owner on each of the phones.

Surprisingly, DNA was even picked up immediately after the phones were cleaned. That suggests that washing won’t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal’s cellphone. So cellphones can be added to the list of clues that can settle a crime-scene investigation.

64. In a crime-scene investigation, now experts are likely to turn to ________.

A. the criminal’s fingerprint             B. the DNA analysis of physical items

C. the detectives                      D. the criminal’s cellphone

65. According to the passage, McFadden was inspired by ________.

A. the secrets stored in people’s cellphones   B. the special characters of DNA

C. a cellphone-involved case             D. the challenging job of detectives

66. According to the passage, the potential application of the new study would be ________.

A. identifying criminals         B. designing new cellphones

C. protecting individual privacy    D. preventing cellphone-involved crimes

67. Which of the following has the closest meaning with the underlined word “identify” in Paragraph 2?

A. imagine       B. recognize         C. discover          D. determine

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：河北省20092010學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解

A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin.

Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo.

Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals (哺乳動物) have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.

“No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.

Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.

“We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.   These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷爾蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.

These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (貧血癥) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.

Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” Johnson explained.

The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.

49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.

B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.

C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.

D. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin. 

50. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.

A. carrying oxygen around the body                   B. improving athletes’ performance

C. detecting oxygen                                          D. increasing level of oxygen

51. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?

A. Negative                  B. Doubting                  C. Positive             D. Hesitating

52. The best title of the passage may be _______.

A. Great Findings Benefits Athletes A Lot

B. Frogs And Mice Are Distant Relatives

C. First Known Animal Breathes Through Skin

D. Humans Might Sense Oxygen Through Skin

 

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