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19.By analyzing academic data from 10states,representing the testing of more than 7.2millions of youths,U.S.researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small among all ethnic groups in grades 2-11.
These findings are in contrast to earlier results from 1990that indicate measurable differences favoring males in complex problem-solving,beginning in the high school years.
Janet Hyde from University of Wisconsin and colleagues reported their study results in the journal Science on Friday.
Currently,women are largely absent from the highest levels of careers in mathematics,the physical sciences,and engineering.In the United States,Ph.D.programs in engineering currently average only about 15percent women,and similar statistics have led to stereotypes (成見)about girls and women lacking in mathematical ability.
Now,it is clear that the general population no longer shows a gender difference in mathematical skills,according to this latest report.
And this new data on academic performance in the United States shows that students are tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items,but rarely on"strategic thinking"(戰(zhàn)略思維) or"extended thinking"concepts.
If standardized tests do not assess (評估)the sorts of reasoning that are   crucialto careers in science and math,then the skills may not be taught,putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries where testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content."This is a gap that should be fixed,"Hyde said.

61.What is the best title of the passage?B
A.A new study result about math.
B.No gender differences in math.
C.Girls are not good at math.
D.Girls do better in math than boys.
62.Earlier research resultsB.
A.are the same as that of this latest report
B.indicate that boys are much better in complex problem-solving than girls
C.indicate that girls are much better in complex problem-solving than boys
D.are completely wrong
63.The underlined word"crucial"in the last paragraph most probably meansC.
A.necessary     B.unimportant     
C.important     D.cruel
64.What Hyde said in the last paragraph means thatB.
A.standardized tests should assess the sorts of reasoning so that the skills may be taught
B.testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content in the USA
C.students in other countries are cleverer than American students
D.students should be tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items
65.The passage is most probably taken fromD.
A.a science magazine    B.a research paper  
C.a personal diary      D.a newspaper.

分析 本文屬于說明文的短文閱讀.文章介紹了通過以前的調查發(fā)現,女生在高難度的數學題的解決方面要遠遠落后于男生;而最新的研究發(fā)現,在數學上根本就不存在性別差異.

解答 61-65 BBCBD
61.B.標題判斷題.這是一篇科普類的研究報告,該類型文章的主題一般在第一段揭示.第一段的"…researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small."即是文章的主題句,下文都是圍繞該發(fā)現進行解釋和說明,由此可以看出,B項最符合語境.
62.B.細節(jié)理解題.由第二段的內容可以看出,這次的研究發(fā)現和早期的研究發(fā)現相反(in contrast to):measurable differences favoring males in complex problemsolving,男孩子在解決復雜的數學問題上很有優(yōu)勢.由此可知B項正確.
63.C.詞義推斷題.由后面的"…putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries…",這些沒有評估的方面對于學生未來的職業(yè)是很重要的,也就是說,該詞和important同義.故選C.
64.B.推理判斷題.根據最后一段"testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content.‘This is a gap that should be fixed,'Hyde said."可以看出在美國測試和教學應該更多側重于具有挑戰(zhàn)性的內容;故B項正確.
65.D.文章出處推斷題.從文章描述的內容來看,文章既有最新的調查發(fā)現,又有各方對此的評論,還有和以前截然不同的發(fā)現結果的比較,由此可以看出,文章應該來自一份報紙.故選D.

點評 對于科教類的短文閱讀要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關系,結合自己的生活常識和經驗,再通過邏輯推理和判斷,理解文章的言外之意,從而揭示文章的深層涵義.

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(WASHINGTON)-U.S.employers advertised the most job openings in more than five years in October,and the number of people quitting also reached a five-year high.The figures are an encouraging sign for the unemployed.
The Labor Department said Tuesday that job openings rose 1percent to a seasonally adjusted=3.93million.That is the highest figure since March 2008,three months after the Great Recession (蕭條) began.
And the number of workers who quit rose 2.5percent to 2.39million,the most since October 2008.More workers quitting can signal a healthy job market,because most of those people likely either have a new job or are confident they can find one.
Total hiring,though,slipped 2.6percent to 4.5million after reaching a five-year high in September.Still,overall hiring has risen 5.2percent in the past year.
More hiring,job openings and quits point to a more dynamic job market.That trend creates more opportunities for people out of work or looking for a new job.
Another positive sign in the report:Layoffs (臨時解雇) plunged 16percent to 1.47million,the lowest level on records dating to 2001.Still,while fewer layoffs are welcome,businesses need to step up hiring to more quickly reduce the still-high unemployment rate of 7percent.
Job openings remain just below the 4million figure that is thought to be consistent with a healthy job market.
The job market remains competitive,even though the competition is easing.There were 2.9unemployed people,on average,for each available job in October.That's down from a ratio (比率) of nearly 7to 1in July 2009,just after the recession ended.In a healthy economy,the ratio is typically 2to 1.
Other recent reports show that businesses are adding jobs at a solid,steady pace.Employers added 203,000positions in November,the government said Friday.The unemployment rate fell to a five-year low of 7percent.Job gains have now averaged about 200,000for the past four months.
Those figures reflect net payroll gains-the number of people hired minus those who were laid off,quit or retired.Tuesday's report on job openings and labor turnover provides more details than the monthly employment report.
59.How long did the Great Recession last according to the passage?B
A.About one year.
B.About one and a half years.
C.About five years.
D.About eight and a half years.
60.What does it seem to show that more people leave their jobs?C
A.It is the sign of more layoffs.
B.It is the effect of the recession.
C.It reflects a better employment situation.
D.It reflects a more competitive job market.
61.We can infer from the passage thatA.
A.over 200,000jobs might be provided in December
B.over three people compete for one job nowadays
C.October saw more people unemployed than September
D.1.47million people were unemployed in 2001
62.What does the passage lead the readers to believe?C
A.The US has a healthy economy now.
B.The US has a satisfying unemployment rate now.
C.The US is bringing back its economy now.
D.The US is changing its employment policy now.

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