20．短文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處．每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改．增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞．
　　刪除：把多余的詞用斜線劃掉．
　　修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．
　　注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
　　     2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分．
 I love my family very much．Included me，there are four people in my family：dad，mom，and his elder sister．We also have the puppy，its name is Candy．
    In my family，I love Candy better．Because my dad and my mom do not have time to play me，and my elder sister had to go to school，I always talk to Candy when they are in．I hope my dad and mom will not be so busily that they will have more times to stay at home．I think Candy also wants to them to stay at home．

分析 本文作者通過介紹自己的家庭情況，主要表達(dá)了自己的孤獨(dú)感以及渴望父母陪伴的愿望．

解答 I love my family very much．Included me，there are four people in my
family：dad，mom，and his elder sister．We also have the puppy，its
name is Candy．
In my family，I love Candy better．Because my dad and my mom do not
have time to play∧me，and my elder sisterhadto go to school，I always
talk to Candy when they are∧in．I hope my dad and mom will not be so busily
that they will have moretimesto stay at home．I think Candy also wants to them
to stay at home．
詳解：
1．Included改為Including  考查介詞   此處在句中作狀語，故用介詞Including．
2．his 改為my  考查人稱代詞的一致性   此處用來修飾名詞詞組elder sister，指的是：我的姐姐；故用my．
3．the改為a   考查不定冠詞    此處用來修飾單數(shù)名詞puppy，表示泛指：一條小狗；故用a．
4．its改為whose   考查關(guān)系代詞    本句為非限定性的定語從句，先行詞是puppy，由于該從句中缺少定語，故用whose．
5．play后加with   考查固定搭配   play with sb．意為：和某人一起玩；故在play后加with．  
6．had改為has   考查時(shí)態(tài)   根據(jù)上下文都使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知，此處介紹的是我姐姐現(xiàn)在的情況，故用has．
7．in改為out或在are后加not  考查句意理解    本句的意思是：因?yàn)槲野职趾蛬寢寷]有時(shí)間陪我玩，我姐姐要去上學(xué)，當(dāng)他們出去/不在家的時(shí)候，我總是和 Candy聊天；此處表達(dá)的是：當(dāng)他們出去/不在家的時(shí)候；故用out或在are后加not． 
8．busily改為busy   考查形容詞   此處在句中作表語，說明的是主語my dad and mom 的狀態(tài)，故用形容詞busy．
9．times改為time   考查不可數(shù)名詞    由于time"時(shí)間"是不可數(shù)名詞，其后不能加s，故用time．
10．去掉to  考查及物動(dòng)詞   由于want是及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以直接接賓語，故去掉them之前的to．

點(diǎn)評 短文改錯(cuò)是集語法知識與語言技能為一體的綜合性試題，主要考查學(xué)生對詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力．錯(cuò)誤類型一般有：缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞．常見的錯(cuò)誤有：1 詞法錯(cuò)誤，主要包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞等詞類誤用、同義詞混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要正確分析句子成分，熟練掌握各詞類的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常見句法錯(cuò)誤．通常表現(xiàn)為簡單句、復(fù)合句以及疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等錯(cuò)誤．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要掌握各類句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及意義用法．3 應(yīng)在理解文章大意的前提下，進(jìn)行作答．

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