Question

【題目】Japan is very serious about robotics (機(jī)器人技術(shù)). If robots are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the Japanese custom of serving tea. Fortunately, researchers at the University of Tokyo are just exploring that. In a show this week, a humanoid(人形機(jī)器人)with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate(模仿)life with robot technology.

"A human being may be faster, but you’d have to say ‘Thank you’," said Professor Tomomasa Sato from the University of Tokyo. "That’s the best part about a robot. You don’t have to feel bad about asking it to do things."

Sato believes Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older, will lead the world in designing robots to care for the elderly, sick and bedridden(長期臥床的).

Already, monitoring technologies, such as sensors that automatically turn on lights when people enter a room, are becoming widespread in Japan.

The walking, child-size Asimo from Honda Motor Co. greets people at show-rooms. NEC Corp. has developed a smaller robot-on-wheels companion called Papero. A seal robot available since 2004 can entertain the elderly and others in need of fuzzy companionship.

Sato says his experimental room is raising awareness about privacy questions that may arise when electronic devices(設(shè)備)monitor a person’s movements down to the smallest detail.

On the bright side, the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes.

【1】What is the best title of this passage?

A. "Thank You" Will Never Be Needed in Japan

B. Monitoring Technologies Are Widespread in Japan

C. Robot Is Designed to Care for the Elderly

D. Robot Technologies Are Widespread in Daily Life in Japan

【2】The underlined word "embedded" in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A. fixed

B. established

C. settled

D. rooted

【3】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. A robot can imitate people to complete complicated tasks.

B. A robot has been programmed to do the dishes.

C. All the problems in the aging society can be solved by robots.

D. The number of aging people is increasing rapidly in Japan.

【4】We can infer from the passage that .

A. people are afraid of being monitored by robots

B. the technology of robots has been highlighted in Japan

C. robots can completely take the place of human beings

D. people’s privacy should be strictly protected

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】在日本機(jī)器人被廣泛使用，可以在家倒茶、可以照顧老年人的日常起居，也可以陪人娛樂。在日本機(jī)器人越來越受歡迎。

【1】D

標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述的是在日本使用機(jī)器人的情況，D項(xiàng)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D.

【2】A

詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫線詞所在句"…that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling…"指這種傳感器嵌入在地板和沙發(fā)上，以及天花板上的攝像頭。，embed的意思為"安裝"，與fix的意思相近。故選A.

【3】C

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段a humanoid(人形機(jī)器人)with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room可知A正確；最后一段the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes.可知B正確；第三段Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older,可知D項(xiàng)正確。A、B、D三項(xiàng)均可在文中找到依據(jù),C項(xiàng)過于絕對(duì)化,不符合事實(shí)。故選C.

【4】B

推理判斷題。由全文內(nèi)容，特別是第一段第一句可以推斷出，日本很重視機(jī)器人技術(shù)。故選B.

關(guān)于詞義猜測(cè)題

做這種類型的題，要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。

下面結(jié)合文本及近幾年高考試題，對(duì)詞義猜測(cè)的技巧加以解讀。

1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.從后面that is(也就是說)的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。小題2

詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫線詞所在句"…that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling…"指這種傳感器嵌入在地板和沙發(fā)上，以及天花板上的攝像頭。，embed的意思為"安裝"，與fix的意思相近。

2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)前面或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位語。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之間的海底隧道。

3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

在英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，在后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞，乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動(dòng)的，活躍的)而構(gòu)成的，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動(dòng)的”。

4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.從前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意義。所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。