______ began our new lesson.

A. But 　 B. Such　 C. Thus 　 D. So that

 

C

副詞thus位于句首，要完全倒裝。

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Researchers at Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today’s dogs can be from southern East Asia -- findings that are contrary to theories placing the birth place in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics, says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably the only region where wolves were domesticated（馴化）by humans.
Research data show clearly that dogs are descended from wolves, but there’s never been scientific agreement on where in the world the domestication process began. “Our analysis of Y-chromosomal（染色體）DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia,” Savolainen says.
The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial（線粒體）DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says.
Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. “Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked,” he says.
Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyse DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity.
Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. “This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region,” Savolainen says.
“Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen.
In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships.
“Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen.
In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.
“This subsequent dog/wolf hybridisation（混合淡化技術）contributed only modestly to the dog gene pool,” Savolainen explains.
【小題1】What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe?
A. Dogs’ ancestors came from the Middle East.
B. Wolves were probably first trained to work for humans in the ASY region.
C. Analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA should be combined with mitochondrial DNA.
D. Samples of the previous studies are enough to support the conclusion.
【小題2】We can learn from the passage that _______.

A．there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication
B．data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from
C．Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East
D．the dog/wolf hybridization makes up most of the dog gene pool
【小題3】What is special about mitochondrial DNA?
A．It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships.
B．It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research.
C．It is the most useful in finding out the birth place of dogs.
D．It comes from the mother of most animals and plants.

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1.                A．grade          B．study           C．future    D．essay

 

2.                A．solutions        B．a(chǎn)pproaches      C．a(chǎn)ssessments   D．suggestions

 

3.                A．still            B．a(chǎn)lso            C．a(chǎn)gain D．even

 

4.                A．talk            B．put            C．turn D．build

 

5.                A．tough          B．similar          C．rough    D．general

 

6.                A．spent          B．took           C．cost D．paid

 

7.                A．encouraged     B．forced          C．expected D．begged

 

8.                A．experiment     B．experience      C．example  D．moment

 

9.                A．behind         B．below          C．out of    D．a(chǎn)head of

 

10.               A．influence       B．sympathy       C．comfort   D．a(chǎn)ttention

 

11.               A．When          B．Before         C．While D．Once

 

12.               A．a(chǎn)bsorbed       B．delighted       C．concerned D．uninterested

 

13.               A．conveyed       B．submitted       C．learned   D．a(chǎn)ccomplished

 

14.               A．looked         B．opened        C．walked    D．came

 

15.               A．obtained       B．raised          C．improved  D．decreased

 

16.               A．trouble         B．patience        C．fun   D．difficulty

 

17.               A．difficult        B．important       C．reasonable D．enjoyable

 

18.               A．learned        B．received        C．a(chǎn)fforded   D．failed

 

19.               A．instantly        B．punctually      C．slowly D．gradually

 

20.               A．skill           B．means         C．knowledge D．way

 

 

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第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

I have lived in Falmouth for about 10 years. I had moved several times before finding Falmouth,  36   setting in one place for a long time. My favorite experience of Falmouth was when I   37   to deliver Thanksgiving dinner to families or individuals unable to drive or suffering from illness. It was (a)n   38   experience.

Volunteers checked in, lined up and followed the   39   given. There were many people working. How they manage all of this is quite amazing. The   40   of such an event is inspiring.

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36. A. still                   B. never                      C. even                 D. ever

37. A. volunteered           B. failed                      C. pretended        D. happened

38. A. confusing       B. strange             C. amazing           D. secret

39. A. troubles             B. helpers             C. directions         D. cars

40. A. hope            B. reason              C. goal                 D. harmony

41. A. At once             B. For this reason   C. At first             D. Shortly afterwards

42. A. However            B. Furthermore     C. Therefore         D. Otherwise

43. A. cheated              B. approached       C. passed            D. remembered

44. A. disappointed       B. sympathetic      C. angry                      D. grateful

45. A. allowed            B. forced            C. refused           D. driven

46. A. regret              B. panic                C. surprise          D. joy

47. A. forgive              B. admitted           C. dreamt             D. hoped

48. A. expression        B. embarrassment   C. task                D. agreement

49. A friendly              B. cruel              C. worried            D. depressed

50. A. wings            B. legs                C. rings              D. lines

51. A. Unless             B. If                   C. Although               D. Since

52. A. thanks                  B. tickets             C. donation         D. advice

53. A. hid                  B. exhibited          C. saved              D. exchanged

54. A. left                  B. promised               C. met                  D. greeted

55. A. risky            B. challengeable     C. right               D. stupid

 

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