完形填空（共1小題）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常規(guī))basis．As a matter of fact, we can see this at work in people of all ．For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about with their new toys．But their soon wears off and by January those toys can be found put away in the basement．The world is full of stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s interest．When parents bring home a pet, their child________ bathes it and brushes its fur．Within a short time, however, the ________ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents．Adolescents enter high school with great ________ but are soon looking forward to________ ．The same is true of the young adults going to college．And then, how many ________ , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, ________ drove for hours at a time when they first ________ their driver’s license (執(zhí)照)? Before people retire, they usually ________ to do a lot of ________ things, which they never had ________ to do while working．But ________ after retirement , the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ________ ．And , like the child in January, they go searching for new ________ .

1.A．principle B．habit C．weaker D．power

2.A．parties B．races C．countries D．a(chǎn)ges

3.A．working B．living C．playing D．going

4.A．confidence B．interest C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．sorrow

5.A．same B．extra C．funny D．expensive

6.A．well-organized B．colorfully-printed C．newly- collected D．half-filled

7.A．broad B．passing C．different D．main

8.A．silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly

9.A．promise B．burden C．right D．game

10.A．courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement

11.A．graduation B．independence C．responsibility D．success

12.A．children B．students C．a(chǎn)dults D．retirees

13.A．carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely

14.A．required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered

15.A．need B．learn C．start D．plan

16.A．great B．strong C．difficult D．correct

17.A．time B．money C．skills D．knowledge

18.A．only B．well C．even D．soon.

19.A．lost B．chose C．left D．quit

20.A．pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues

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任務(wù)型閱讀

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.

Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.

In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons’ study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.

It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video.

In the case of Simons’ study, participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.

There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.

In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.

Change Blindness

1. of change blindness

Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2. .

Experiments with change blindness

●The main 3. of early experiments was memory and perception.

●Individuals were found to be4. at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them.

Research in the 1990s

●In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5. basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.

●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6. their notice.

●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7. .

8. of change blindness

●The brain makes 9. about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity.

●Although attention is closely10. to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.

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完形填空（共1小題）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A．B\C和D）中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

The easy way out isn't always the easiest．I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug，my husband of one month，to a special meal．I_________to make homemade bread．Knowing the bread would take time，I_________it as soon as Doug left for work．

As l was not_________in cooking，I thought if a dozen was good，two dozen would be better，so I_________．everything．As Doug loved oranges，I also opened a can of orange and_________it all into the bowl．Soon there was a sticky dough（面團(tuán)）covered with _________yellowish marks．Realizing I was_________，I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so 1 wouldn't have to________Doug laughing at my work．I went on preparing the rest of the _________，and when Doug got home，we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice．He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed________．Twice he got up and went outside，saying he heard a_________．

The third time he left，I went to the window to see what he was doing．I saw Doug standing about three feet from the_________，holding the lid up with a stick and looking_________．When I came out of the house，he dropped the stick and explained that there was something _________in our rubbish bin．Picking up the stick again，he held the lid up．enough for me to see．I felt ________．But I stepped．closer and looked harder．Without _______it was my work．The hot _________had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast（酵母）made the surface．________and sigh as though it were breathing．

I could see why Doug was shaken．I had to admit what the“_________”was and why it was there．I don't know who was more_________by the whole thing---Doug or me．

1.A．chose B．managed C．had D．remembered

2.A．looked for B．got ready for C．started on D．worried about

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14.A．a(chǎn)live B．important C．new D．different

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17.A．pot B．floor C．earth D．sun

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On a stormy day last August, Tim heard some shouting．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.

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Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier．Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs．Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.

“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again．“Yes,” Tim told them each time.

After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.

1.Why was the boat far into open water?

A．The boys rowed too fast．

B．The big current carried it.

C．The wind blew it．

C．The boys tried to get attention..

2.Why did the two boys go to the sea?

A．To go boat rowing

B．To get back their football.

C．To swim in the open water

D．To test the umbrella as a sail.

3.What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The beach

B．The water

C．The boat

D．The wind

4.Why did Tim raise his head regularly?

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B．To consider turning back or not.

C．To check his distance from the boys．

D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.

5.How can the two boys finally reach the pier?

A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.

B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.

C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.

D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.

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