There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century．

In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India．In order to reduce fraud（詐騙）, he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay．This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints．In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system．Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (優(yōu)生學(xué)家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence．

Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system．In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas' exactly．She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy（指紋鑒定法）. It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．

Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world．

1.Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____．

A．develop a fingerprinting system            B．prevent illegal business

C．put them on pieces of clay                D．collect and study fingerprints

2.Who first came up with the idea of creating a fingerprint classification system?

A．Herschel．        B．Faulds．          C．Gallon．          D．Darwin．

3.The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "_____"．

A．the fingerprints     B．the two boys       C．the crimes         D．the police officers

4.We can learn from the text that _____．

A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan

B．Henry's classification system is based on Gallon's

C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints

D．Vucetich's fingerprinting system is still used all over the world

5.What is the text mainly about?

A．Different uses of fingerprints．

B．The history of fingerprinting．

C．Countries that first used fingerprints．

D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints．

 

【答案】

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章主要講述了指紋的發(fā)展，被廣泛應(yīng)用與商業(yè)場(chǎng)合和刑事偵探。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，為了減少詐騙，他讓他管轄下的人們?cè)诤炇鹕虡I(yè)文件的時(shí)候留下他們的指紋。可知，這樣做為了防止非法商業(yè)。故選B

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段加侖開(kāi)始收集指紋，最終收集了8000種不同的指紋標(biāo)本，1892年，他出版一本名叫《Fingerprints》的書(shū)，里面首次概括了指紋分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)�？芍觼鍪堑谝粋�(gè)產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造指紋分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)的人。故選C

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。當(dāng)Vucetich把在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)找到的指紋與Velasquez，Rojas的指紋進(jìn)行比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指紋與Rojas的指紋正好相配。可知，they的指代的指紋。故選A

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，F(xiàn)aulds只是開(kāi)始調(diào)查指紋，并沒(méi)有收集指紋。故A錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知增加了Gallon的技術(shù)，創(chuàng)造了他自己的分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)，亨利分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)，這是故B正確。達(dá)爾文并沒(méi)有對(duì)研究指紋產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣。故C錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．Vucetich的指紋系統(tǒng)被應(yīng)用在許多講西班牙語(yǔ)的國(guó)家。故D錯(cuò)誤。所以，本題選B

5.主旨題，這篇文章主要介紹了指紋從剛開(kāi)始被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)到后來(lái)被廣泛使用的發(fā)展過(guò)程。故選B

考點(diǎn)：科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：對(duì)于此類(lèi)介紹事物的說(shuō)明文，學(xué)生只需把握好說(shuō)介紹的東西，本文主要介紹的是指紋，以此為線(xiàn)索，圍繞文章對(duì)它的介紹迅速的理清全文的意思。對(duì)于主旨題或是推斷題，結(jié)合文意及所說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，準(zhǔn)確定位，即可答出。

 

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