E

Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a turn of a switch.

“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist, a professor of solid—state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden.“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.

Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.

Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some technologies involving changes of color.

Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers(層) of tungsten oxide(氧化鎢) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(電壓) is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.

One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”. All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”

67.Which statement does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?

A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.

B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.

C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.

D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.

68.According to the passage, smart windows are windows_______.

A.that are coated                        B.that use electricity

C.the color of which can be changed         D.that have many layers

69.To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?

A.Electricity.     B.Tungsten oxide.    C.A battery.         D.A voltage.

70.What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful?

A.The buildings will look different.

B.Windows can be as large as you want.

C.We may not need air conditioners any more.

D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.

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相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A-F選項中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余項。

A. Function

B. Types

C. Advantages

D. Considerations

E. Importance

F. Shortcomings

Home security products give a homeowner peace of mind as well as the ability to protect loved ones and physical possessions around-the-clock.

_____

Having the right security products equipped in a home can get rid of home invasion, theft and injury. Home security products should be hidden somewhat and not out in the open for invaders to see. Products that protect one's home should also be linked to the local police department so that they can be notified in the event of an emergency or break-in.

_____

Security products are used for monitoring the home and the properties surrounding the home. Products are designed to warn the homeowner when invasion is taking place or someone is hidden around the property. Most systems are electronic or battery powered and some are linked with cables and satellites to keep a close watch on property.

_____

 There are four main kinds of home security products. The first kind is home entry and invasion protection--used for setting up a high tech alarm system. The second is window and door alarms, helpful in warning the homeowner as to who is coming in and out of the house and certain rooms in the home. The third is to keep the outside of the home protected by signaling. The fourth is a combination of security gates, cameras connected to a DVR, bars for windows and doors as well as sliding door lock.

_____ 

 One should consider the expense of equipping a complete security system. For most complete systems which include driveway alarms, cameras, and electronic keypads, many can cost from $100 to $10,000. The homeowner can equip individual security products based on the needs of the home and family to save money.

_____

Preventing invasion, theft and injury can save thousands of dollars if the home was broken into and items were stolen. Having home security products equipped can also reduce car and auto insurance moneys.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年安徽省無為縣四高三考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。

Naturally regulate your sleep-wake cycle

Melatonin(褪黑激素) is a naturally occurring hormone(激素) that helps regulate your sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production is controlled by light exposure. Your brain should produce more in the evening, when it's dark, to make you sleepy, and less during the day when it's light and you want to stay awake. However, many aspects of modern life can disturb your body's natural production of melatonin and your sleep-wake cycle.

Spending long days in an office away from natural light, for example, can impact your daytime wakefulness and make your brain sleepy. Then bright lights at night—especially from hours spent in front of the TV or computer screen—can hold back your body's production of melatonin and make it harder to sleep, However, there are ways for you to naturally regulate your sleep-wake cycle, improve your body's production of melatonin, and keep your brain on a

healthy schedule.

              Increase light exposure during the day

☆Remove your sunglasses in the morning and let light onto your face.

☆Spend more time outside during daylight. Try to take your work breaks outside in sun light, exercise outside, or walk your dog during the day instead of at night.

☆Let as much light into your home/workspace as possible. Keep curtains and blinds open during the day, move your desk closer to the window.

☆I(lǐng)f necessary, use a light treatment box. A light treatment box can create sunshine and can  be especially useful during short winter days when there's limited daylight.

            Improve melatonin production at night

☆Turn off your television and computer. Many people use the television to fall asleep or relax at the end of the day. Not only does the light hold back melatonin production, but television can actually excite the mind, rather than relaxing it. Try listening to music or audio books, or practicing relaxation exercises. If your favorite TV show is on late at night, record it for viewing earlier in the day.

☆Don't read from a backlit device at night (such as an iPad). If you use a portable electronic device to read, use an eReader that is not backlit, i. e. one that requires an additional light source such as a bedside lamp.

☆Change your light bulbs. Avoid bright lights before bed, use low-wattage bulbs instead.

☆When it's time to sleep, make sure the room is dark. The darker it is, the better you'll sleep. Cover electrical displays, use heavy curtains or shades to block light from windows, or try an eye mask to cover your eyes.

☆ Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night. As long as it's safe to do so, keep the light to a minimum so it will be easier to go back to sleep.

       Title : Naturally regulate your sleep-wake cycle

Passage outline

Supporting details

Deciding factor

☆ Melatonin, a hormone that (76)__________ naturally, helps regulate 

your sleep-wake cycle.

☆ (77) __________ melatonin in the evening makes you sleepy, while

less melatonin during the day makes you (78) __________.

Disturbing

(79) __________

☆ Long days in an office away from (80) __________ light

☆ Long hours in front of the TV or computer screen 

(81) __________ to

increasing light

exposure

☆ (82) __________ off your sunglasses in the morning

☆ Spend more time outside during daylight

☆ Keep curtains open and sit close to the window

☆ Use a light treatment box especially in (83) __________

Methods   of

improving

melatonin

production

☆ Listen to music (84) __________ of watching TV

☆ (85)__________ reading from a backlit device  

☆ Use low-wattage bulbs

☆ Use heavy curtains to make the room dark  

☆ Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom 

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：湖北省黃岡市2010屆高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測英語 題型：閱讀理解

E

Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a turn of a switch.

“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist, a professor of solid—state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden.“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.

Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.

Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some technologies involving changes of color.

Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers(層) of tungsten oxide(氧化鎢) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(電壓) is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.

One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”. All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”

67.Which statement does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?

A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.

B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.

C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.

D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.

68.According to the passage, smart windows are windows_______.

A.that are coated                        B.that use electricity

C.the color of which can be changed        D.that have many layers

69.To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?

A.Electricity.     B.Tungsten oxide.    C.A battery.         D.A voltage.

70.What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful?

A.The buildings will look different.

B.Windows can be as large as you want.

C.We may not need air conditioners any more.

D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年廣州省廣州市高三綜合測試（一）英語試題 題型：信息匹配

 信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

    閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)選項字母涂黑。

    首先請閱讀下列汽車廣告的信息：

A

    Renault Menage: This luxury car provides a comfortable driving experience and is packed full of extras (GPS, electric seats, automatic park brake etc). But its powerful engine means you had better be prepared for a big fuel bill each week.

    Price: $ 85,000

B

   Hyundai i20: Ideal for short journeys but lacks the power and comfort needed to make long-distance driving enjoyable. Still, at this price you can't complain and you'll be smiling when you have to fill up the tank too.

    Price: $8,000

C

   Fiat 500: Although expensive, it will soon pay for itself with the money you save on petrol. It has the most efficient and cleanest petrol-powered engine currently available. Its size, easy handling and luxury interior make it ideal for city driving.

Price: $ 35, 999

D

    Land Rover Discovery: With seating for 7, this car is suitable for all driving conditions. It has the control needed for inner city driving and the power required for rough roads and carrying heavy loads. But it's among the least fuel efficient vehicles in its class.

   Price: $ 51, 999

E

   GM Transit: It packs an impressive amount of room inside. It steers nicely, is fuel efficient and has a commanding driving position. But the lack of rear side windows and a noisy interior limit its appeal as a people mover.

    Price: $ 22,499

F

    Ford Wagon: With room for 12 passengers, it combines the toughness and power needed for long-distance journeys with all the comforts that will keep passengers satisfied. Its optional luggage roof racks also mean nothing will ever have to be left behind.

    Price: $42,000

以下是五個人的購車意向。請匹配個人信息與適合的汽車。

1.Robert is a farmer in the countryside and wants a vehicle that can deal with do rough country-road conditions and is powerful enough to tow a trailer carrying animals and farm products to the city market.

2. James is starting a new delivery job and needs a vehicle big enough to store the packages that he will pick up each morning and deliver throughout the day. It should be reliable, affordable and economical to run on his city route.

3.Vaneasa is a lawyer who lives and works in the city. She currently has a large car that uses a lot of fuel. She thinks it's too polluting so wants a car that's environmentally friendly but still comfortable to drive.

4.John is a university student looking for an inexpensive car that's cheap to run. He needs it mainly for getting to and from the university campus and also to his nearby part-tiles job.

5.Jill owns a tour guide company and wants a new vehicle that can be used to take travellers to see different sight and attractions. A typical tour group is made up of about 10 people so it must be big enough to take all of them plus their luggage.

 

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