2．Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick （雜耍動(dòng)作） on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet （頭盔） and thought you couldn't get hurt．The psychology （心理） of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect，named after Sam Peltzman，professor of economics at the University of Chicago．Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously．
Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts （安全帶）．Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers'behavior．Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better，they feel they can make better judgments when they drive．They are better protected in accidents，so they act more dangerously．This makes driving more  hazardous to other drivers．
The Peltzman Effect isn't just limited （ 限于） to driving．In 1972，the American Food and Drug Administration （FDA） passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles．The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally  taking  the  medicine，especially painkillers such as aspirin．Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea，but there was an unexpected side effect．Because the safety caps are so hard to take off，some people leave them off altogether．Worse，some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap．A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3，500children have been harmed by aspirin because of the safety caps．
The Peltzman Effect describes how we're likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest．What's more，the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what
we expect．
21．What is the Peltzman Effect？B
A．People feel safest when they are under protection．
B．People behave less safely when they feel safe．
C．People who act dangerously are likely to be together．
D．Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．
22．What does the underlined word"hazardous"in Paragraph 2mean？D
A．Expensive．
B．Interesting．
C．Important．
D．Dangerous．
23．Why do some people leave the safety caps of medicine bottles open？A
A．The caps can't be opened easily．
B．The caps don't work at all．
C．The bottles without caps are less attractive to kids．
D．The bottles are out of the reach of children．
24．What would be the best title for the text？B
A．Types of Decision Making
B．Unsafe Safety Measures
C．Different Behaviors of People in Danger
D．People's Fear of Taking Risks．

分析 文章主要講述了佩茲曼效應(yīng)，通過舉例子的方式描述了當(dāng)我們感到安全時(shí)可能會(huì)冒更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和更危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻．

解答 21．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)第一段 Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously．Peltzman認(rèn)為，當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為感到安全時(shí)，他們的行為就不那么安全了．可知答案．故選B．
22．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)上一句 they act more dangerously 可知，由于這些四驅(qū)車的司機(jī)危險(xiǎn)駕駛，這必然會(huì)對(duì)其他司機(jī)的生命構(gòu)成威脅甚至帶來傷害．故劃線詞是"危險(xiǎn)的"．故選D．
23．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段 Because the safety caps are so hard to take off，some people leave them off altogether 因?yàn)榘踩焙茈y起飛，有些人干脆把它們關(guān)了；可知答案．故選A．
24．B 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段 Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？你做過什么真正危險(xiǎn)的事情嗎？只是因?yàn)槟阏J(rèn)為它是安全的；和段尾 The Peltzman Effect describes how we're likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest．Peltzman效應(yīng)描述了當(dāng)我們感到安全時(shí)更有可能冒更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和有更危險(xiǎn)的行為，可知答案．故選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)社會(huì)文化類閱讀理解，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)

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