It turns out that nodding off in class may not be such a bad idea after all, as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new material is the best way to remember it.

According to the leader of the study, Jessica Payne, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, nodding off after learning something new is like “telling” the sleeping brain what to keep.

Along with her colleagues, she studied 207 students who habitually slept for at least six hours per night. Participants were assigned without any regular pattern to study declarative (陳述性的), semantically (語義上) related or unrelated word pairs at 9 a.m. or 9 p.m., and returned for testing 30 minutes, 12 hours or 24 hours later.

Declarative memory refers to the ability to consciously remember facts and events, and can be broken down into memory for events and memory for facts about the world. People use both types of memory every day --- recalling where we parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be addressed.

At the 12-hour retest, memory overall was better following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness.At the 24-hour retest, with all participants having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness, participants’ memories were better when sleep occurred shortly after learning, rather than following a full day of wakefulness.

“Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory. What's new about this study is that we tried to shine light on sleep's influence on both types of declarative memory by studying semantically unrelated and related word pairs,” Payne said.

“Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory, this means that it would be a good thing to go over any information you need to remember just before going to bed. In some sense, you may be “telling” the sleeping brain what to consolidate (鞏固).”

68. What can we learn about the study from the text?

       A. It was lead by an Indian psychologist in the USA.

       B. It was done by Jessica Payne and her colleagues.

       C. More than three hundred students took part in it.

       D. Participants were divided into groups according to a special pattern.

69. According to the text, declarative memory ______.

       A. can be divided into two types         

       B. is rarely used in our daily life

       C. is unconscious but very useful

       D. may influence our sleep quality

70. What does the study want to show us?

       A. Why many students can’t stop themselves nodding off in class.

       B. How to remember information correctly.

       C. Sleeping directly after learning is good for our memory.

       D. We can still remember some information when we are sleeping.

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科目：高中英語 來源：浙江省桐鄉(xiāng)市高級(jí)中學(xué)2012屆高三10月月考英語試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　In people's minds, Beijing women are taller, bold, and uninhibited, while Shanghai women are smaller in figure, and always speak in a soft voice．The image(形象．)of Beijing women is usually bigger than Shanghai women's．However, it turns out to be just the other way round after I have worked in Beijing for some time．

　　Everybody goes Dutch in Shanghai; even at a grand party, but in Beijing it' s usually the men' s treat．And it is also impossible to invite a female friend who already has a boyfriend or a young married woman out, even if you promise to see her home that night,

　　The conditions of the men in Beijing are no better at all．All their cellphones will ring one after another at 12 o'clock sharp at night．The voice on the other end is usually loud enough for anyone nearby to hear．"Where have you been? Do you remember that you've got a home? Now who's with you?" and these three sentences are usually the main parts of the call．

　　Shanghai women could never understand this．If it' s a Shanghai woman who shouts in the phone, the Shanghai man on the other end must think that she is crazy(or drunk, perhaps)．The Shanghainese go Dutch in life, and they appreciate the independence in both economic and love affairs．

　　Many of my friend girls in Shanghai are office ladies with very high income．The tiredness of life cannot kill their pride in saying："I don't depend on any men．" Thus no men can command them, for example, to force them to come back home before 10 pm．Beijingers do not admire the Shanghai way of life, anyhow．How can a couple be addressed as "a couple" when they don't know where the other has been last night? They wondered．

(1)

The underlined word "uninhibited" in Paragraph One probably means _________．

[　　]

A．

relaxed enough to do as they like

B．

very cautious about their behavior

C．

always doing what they are told to

D．

not having courage or confidence

(2)

By mentioning men paying bills for women in Beijing, the writer wants to show that _________．

[　　]

A．

Beijing women are respected

B．

Beijing women lack independence

C．

Beijing men are generous

D．

Beijing men possess gentle manners

(3)

The conditions of Beijing men are no better because they _________．

[　　]

A．

often stay out late at night

B．

have women call them at midnight

C．

are treated the same as Shanghai men

D．

enjoy no more freedom than the women

(4)

Shanghai women could never understand why _________．

[　　]

A．

Beijing women behave like that

B．

Beijing men behave like that

C．

Shanghai men think so differently

D．

Shanghai women don' t copy Beijing women

(5)

Which of the following may be the title of the article?

[　　]

A．

Lifestyle difference between Shanghai and Beijing．

B．

Physically strong may mean spiritually weak．

C．

Big Shanghai women and little Beijing women．

D．

Can a couple go Dutch in life?

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆江蘇省鹽城市田家炳中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

Two years ago, the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a Yangzhou textile factory.
Last year and halfway across the United States, the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.
Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out, a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the three-year-olds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a flurry of e-mails comparing photographs and biographical details, DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal (手足般的) twins.
“I was in shock,” said Ramirez, who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines, Florida. “Well, now this is for real.”
The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(親屬). The site that the Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people, with 15 sets of twins and seven sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.
At a reunion on Friday at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, Mia Diamond Funk Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other, then reached for each other’s hand.
DNA tests established an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least half sisters. Scientists did not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty, but given their ages and physical similarities, experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.
Douglas and Holly Funk hope to take Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the twins talk to each other on the phone.
【小題1】. Both the adopted girls shared a first name ________.

A．because they both came from China
B．because of their physical similarities
C．because their US parents suspected they were twins
D．for no good reason
【小題2】 Why did the girls’ mothers meet on the Internet?
A．To compare photographs of the two girls.
B．To communicate with other people who had adopted children abroad.
C．To test their suspicion.
D．To exchange experiences on adopting children.
【小題3】Experts are still not 100 percent sure that the two girls are fraternal twins because ________.
A．DNA tests are still not accurate enough
B．the two girls were born by different parents
C．the DNA of a biological parent is still missing
D．one girl is born a week later than the other
【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Adopted Twins Reunited on Internet
B．Adopted Twins Live happily in the US.
C．Suspicion Turned into Reality
D．The Story of Adopted Twins and Their Parents

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年江蘇省鹽城市高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語題 題型：閱讀理解

Two years ago, the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a Yangzhou textile factory.

Last year and halfway across the United States, the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.

Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out, a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the three-year-olds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a flurry of e-mails comparing photographs and biographical details, DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal (手足般的) twins.

“I was in shock,” said Ramirez, who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines, Florida. “Well, now this is for real.”

The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(親屬). The site that the Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people, with 15 sets of twins and seven sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.

At a reunion on Friday at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, Mia Diamond Funk Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other, then reached for each other’s hand.

DNA tests established an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least half sisters. Scientists did not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty, but given their ages and physical similarities, experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.

Douglas and Holly Funk hope to take Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the twins talk to each other on the phone.

1.. Both the adopted girls shared a first name ________.

  A. because they both came from China       

  B. because of their physical similarities

  C. because their US parents suspected they were twins

  D. for no good reason

2. Why did the girls’ mothers meet on the Internet?

  A. To compare photographs of the two girls.

  B. To communicate with other people who had adopted children abroad.

  C. To test their suspicion.

  D. To exchange experiences on adopting children.

3.Experts are still not 100 percent sure that the two girls are fraternal twins because ________.

  A. DNA tests are still not accurate enough

  B. the two girls were born by different parents

  C. the DNA of a biological parent is still missing

  D. one girl is born a week later than the other

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

  A. Adopted Twins Reunited on Internet  

  B. Adopted Twins Live happily in the US.

  C. Suspicion Turned into Reality

    D. The Story of Adopted Twins and Their Parents

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Two years ago, the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a Yangzhou textile factory.
Last year and halfway across the United States, the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.
Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out, a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the three-year-olds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a flurry of e-mails comparing photographs and biographical details, DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal (手足般的) twins.
“I was in shock,” said Ramirez, who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines, Florida. “Well, now this is for real.”
The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(親屬). The site that the Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people, with 15 sets of twins and seven sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.
At a reunion on Friday at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, Mia Diamond Funk Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other, then reached for each other’s hand.
DNA tests established an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least half sisters. Scientists did not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty, but given their ages and physical similarities, experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.
Douglas and Holly Funk hope to take Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the twins talk to each other on the phone.

  1. 1.

    . Both the adopted girls shared a first name ________.

    1. A.
      because they both came from China
    2. B.
      because of their physical similarities
    3. C.
      because their US parents suspected they were twins
    4. D.
      for no good reason
  2. 2.

    Why did the girls’ mothers meet on the Internet?

    1. A.
      To compare photographs of the two girls.
    2. B.
      To communicate with other people who had adopted children abroad.
    3. C.
      To test their suspicion.
    4. D.
      To exchange experiences on adopting children.
  3. 3.

    Experts are still not 100 percent sure that the two girls are fraternal twins because ________.

    1. A.
      DNA tests are still not accurate enough
    2. B.
      the two girls were born by different parents
    3. C.
      the DNA of a biological parent is still missing
    4. D.
      one girl is born a week later than the other
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      Adopted Twins Reunited on Internet
    2. B.
      Adopted Twins Live happily in the US.
    3. C.
      Suspicion Turned into Reality
    4. D.
      The Story of Adopted Twins and Their Parents

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

New studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its climate. The process of making a hamburger, for example, requires loss of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland. And cow waste is a major source of methane（沼氣）— 1　 especially powerful greenhouse gas. The cow has to be killed. The meat has to be processed and shipped, 　2　 takes fuel. Most of the cow won’t even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands o a dinner plate, 　3 has made bad effect on the environment.

We can reduce the production of global warming gases by eating less beef. Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do 　4　 harm to the environment ―at least 　5　 terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released. 　6　 , all kinds of meat are harder on the planet that vegetables. 　7　 changing our diet to less meat and more vegetables, as it turns 　8　 , may do the world some good.

 

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