Question

Chemical Safety

Procedures for handling chemical spills(泄露) and leaks.

Chemical spills and leaks can be broken down into two basic types: simple spills, which you can clean up yourself and complicated spills, which require outside assistance.

If your spill meets any of the following conditions, it is a complicated spill.

★ A person is injured; or

★ The identity of the chemical is unknown; or

★Multiple chemicals are involved; or

★The chemical is highly poisonous, flammable (可燃的) or reactive ; or

★The spill/leak occurs in a “public space” such as a corridor; or

★The spill/leak has the potential to spread to other parts of the building such as through the ventilation (通風(fēng)) system; or

★The clean up procedures are not known or appropriate materials are not readily available; or

★The clean up requires a respirator (呼吸器) (including cartridge respirators) to be worn and no personnel have been trained and fit-tested in accordance(一致) with the campus Respiratory Protection Program; or

★The spill/leak may endanger the environment by reaching waterways or outside ground, or by going down a drain

If none of the above conditions are met, the spill is defined as a simple spill. You may clean up simple spills in accordance with Chapter 6 of the Chemical Safety Guide. For consultative assistance, call Division of Research Safety (DSR) at 333-2755.

How to report a complicated spill Evacuate(撤退) to a safe location, and alert others to evacuate. Dial 9-911 from a campus phone. Tell the operator you are calling to report a chemical spill at the University of Illinois. Have the following information ready. Name of chemical Quantity spilled Location of spill (Full building name and room number) Number of people injured or slashed If applicable, the occurrence of a fire or explosion Your name and phone number 5. Have someone knowledgeable about the chemical spilled meet the fire department at the main entrance to your building. Take a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical, if it is readily available.

1.Which of the following situation can be classified as a simple spill?

A. Some spilled liquid causes a fire in the building.

B. Yellow and green gases are leaking from the storage room.

C. An unknown red chemical is found on the corridor floor.

D. A researcher spills his milk all over the lab floor.

2.According to the safety instructions, upon discovering a complicated spill on campus, people should _________.

A. put on a respirator as soon as possible

B. refer to Chapter 6 of the Chemical Safety Guide

C. get away from the spill and report it to authorities

D. call Division of the Research Safety at 333-2755

3. “MSDS” in the passage possibly refers to _____.

A. a mask B. an explanation about the chemical

C. a device D. another kind of chemical

4.Who are most possibly the targeted audiences of this article?

A. Students in the Chemistry Department of a university.

B. Researchers working at Chemical Institution of Illinois.

C. Members of Division of Research Safety.

D. Staff members at a chemical manufacturing company.

5.The purpose of the material above is to ____________ .

A. inform people of the dangers of various chemical spills

B. introduce complicated spills and necessary measures in response to them

C. encourage students to join the campus Respiratory Protection Program

D. compare simple spills and complicated spills

Answer 1

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：化學(xué)用品是一件很危險(xiǎn)的東西——如果泄漏的話。在這種情況下，要首先分清楚是哪一種泄漏，并及時(shí)采取對(duì)性的措施減少損失和傷害。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)“一些液體泄漏導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)”，B項(xiàng)，“黃綠色的氣體從儲(chǔ)罐里泄漏”， C項(xiàng)“走廊地板上發(fā)現(xiàn)不明紅色化學(xué)藥品”都在第三段有列舉。而未被列舉的是D項(xiàng)。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chemical spills and leaks can be broken down into two basic types: simple spills, which you can clean up yourself and complicated spills, which require outside assistance.”可知，復(fù)雜的化學(xué)泄漏需要遠(yuǎn)離并呼叫外部支援。故選C

3.Take a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical, if it is readily available.”可知，MSDS是Material Safety Data Sheet 縮寫，意為材料安全數(shù)據(jù)表，因此是對(duì)化學(xué)藥品的解釋說明。故選B

4.

5.

考點(diǎn)：科普類閱讀。