The $ 11 billion self – help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “ I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (靜思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

  1. 1.

    What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

    1. A.
      It is a highly profitable industry.
    2. B.
      It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
    3. C.
      It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
    4. D.
      It has yielded positive results.
  2. 2.

    What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

    1. A.
      Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
    2. B.
      There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
    3. C.
      Unhappy people cannot think positively.
    4. D.
      The power of positive thinking is limited.
  3. 3.

    What does the author mean by "you're just underlining his faults" in the third paragraph?

    1. A.
      You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
    2. B.
      You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
    3. C.
      You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
    4. D.
      You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
  4. 4.

    It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic that        .

    1. A.
      it is important for people to continually keep their self - esteem
    2. B.
      self – affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood
    3. C.
      forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self - esteem
    4. D.
      people with low self – esteem seldom write down their true feelings
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Psychologists (心理學(xué)家) tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality reacts to the strange new things we meet when we move from one culture to another.

Culture shock begins with the "honeymoon stage". This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from "jet lag" (時(shí)差) but we are excited to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.

Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry (洗衣), or living with a home-stay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, girlfriend/boyfriend and pets. This "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits.

The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage". This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!

The fourth stage can be called "at ease at last". Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can deal with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock.

The four stages of   71 

Stages

【小題2】  72

Your activities

Honeymoon stage

Suffering from "jet lag"

Seeing new sights

Hearing new sounds and language

【小題4】  74 

Feeling  【小題3】 73

 

【小題5】  75 

Becoming very tired

Working or studying

Buying groceries

【小題7】  77 

Living with your host family

Missing everything   76 

【小題8】      78

Having stronger   79 

Learning to take care of yourself

Becoming stronger in life

At ease at last stage

Feeling 80 

●Helping newcomers with their culture shock.

Being better at solving problems

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The crisis at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster in Japan is historic.
This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation(輻射) from Japan could reach the United States. Gregory also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979. That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy. At present, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close seven nuclear power centers for the time being while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty-seven member nations.
Developing nations are less willing to slow down the development of nuclear. China says it will continue with plans to build about twenty-five new nuclear reactors(核反應(yīng)堆). And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.
Nuclear reactors supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resource, producing no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious problem to be solved. So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, lran.

  1. 1.

    We can learn from the text that America ________.

    1. A.
      experienced a terrible nuclear accident 32 years ago
    2. B.
      has a strong program to deal with radiation danger
    3. C.
      depends heavily on nuclear energy to produce electricity
    4. D.
      will check all the reactors before cooperating with India
  2. 2.

    According to the text, which country will be most likely to have a similar disaster?

    1. A.
      German.
    2. B.
      Iran
    3. C.
      India.
    4. D.
      China.
  3. 3.

    How does the author seem to feel about the future of nuclear energy?

    1. A.
      Satisfied.
    2. B.
      Pleased.
    3. C.
      Worried.
    4. D.
      Surprised.
  4. 4.

    The best title of the text is ______.

    1. A.
      Various Opinions on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster
    2. B.
      Japan’s Disaster is Likely to Run Out of Control
    3. C.
      America Shows Great Concern for Japan’s Nuclear Crisis
    4. D.
      Japan’s Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The Carnival of Brazil is an annual festival held 46 days before Easter, especially famous for the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Carnival celebrations are believed to have roots in the festival of Saturnalia, which, adapted to Christianity, became a farewell to bad things in a season of religious discipline to regret and prepare for Christ’s death and coming back to life.
Modern Brazilian Carnival dates back to Rio de Janeiro in 1641. It originally copied the European form of the festival, later taking in elements of Native American and African cultures.
In the late 19th century, the strings (弦樂器) were introduced in Rio de Janeiro. These were pageant (游行) groups that paraded through city avenues performing on instruments and dancing. Today they are known as blocks, consisting of a group of people who dress in costumes or special T-shirts with themes or logos. Blocks are generally connected with particular neighborhoods; they include both a music group and a lot of revelers.
Block parades have become an expressive feature of Rio’s Carnival. Today, they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. Blocks can be formed by small or large groups of revelers with a clear title. Before the show, they gather in a square, then parade in sections of the city, often near the beach.
Carnival time in Rio is very interesting, but is also the most expensive time to visit Rio. Hotel rooms and other lodgings (住宿) can be up to four times more expensive than the regular rates. There are big crowds at some locations and life is far from ordinary in many parts of town.

  1. 1.

    What can we infer from the first paragraph?

    1. A.
      The Carnival of Brazil is often held after Easter.
    2. B.
      The Carnival of Brazil comes from Easter and Saturnalia.
    3. C.
      The Carnival of Brazil is a festival to regret and begin a new life.
    4. D.
      The Carnival of Brazil is mainly to celebrate the birth of Christ.
  2. 2.

    How long is the history of the people’s celebrating modern Brazilian Carnival?

    1. A.
      About 100 years.
    2. B.
      Less than two centuries.
    3. C.
      About 370 years.
    4. D.
      Over five centuries.
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the blocks in Rio de Janeiro?

    1. A.
      They are always wearing costumes or special T-shirts with themes or logos.
    2. B.
      They always parade through countryside villages singing and dancing.
    3. C.
      There are no more than 50 blocks today.
    4. D.
      They don’t parade before the show.
  4. 4.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      The famous carnivals in the world.
    2. B.
      How the carnival was introduced in Brazil.
    3. C.
      The carnival in Rio de Janeiro.
    4. D.
      The happy life of the people in Rio de Janeiro.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

In the United States you will find yourself being urged from every page of every newspaper and every television station to buy all kinds of goods.
Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale. Unlike some countries,
Americans generally pay the price of a product without question, instead of trying to get a lower price by bargaining. However, there are many “sales” in the United States, during which time stores will lower their normal prices. This may all be very confusing to visitors. How are you going to know how to “get your money’s worth” when you shop? Perhaps the best advice is: Don’t hurry. Visit various stores and determine the quality of goods. Read the advertisements so that you can compare prices.
There is a great variety of shops in the United States, ranging from very large stores called “department stores” to very small shops. There are “discount houses” offering goods at low prices, and “dime stores” specializing in a wide range of inexpensive items.
Most department stores in large cities carry better quality products at higher prices. However, they offer the shoppers great convenience since they contain such a wide variety of products.
If convenience isn’t as important to you as price, you may want to shop in discount houses. These stores have nearly as great a variety of goods as department stores, but offer lower prices. They can do so for several reasons. They don’t offer the same services to buyers that department stores do; there may be fewer sales people; and the store probably doesn’t deliver purchases.
Another popular shop is the “dime store”. No longer selling many things for five or ten cents, these stores got their name in the last century when it was decided that a small profit on a great quantity of goods would be better than a large profit on fewer sales. Dime stores specialize in a wide variety of inexpensive items and today, prices range from a quarter or 50 cents up to several dollars.

  1. 1.

    The passage is mainly about______

    1. A.
      American hospitality.
    2. B.
      the life of Americans.
    3. C.
      American stores.
    4. D.
      the business of Americans.
  2. 2.

    Why can discount houses offer goods at lower prices compared with department stores?
    a. They have fewer employees.
    b. They have larger quantities of goods.
    c. They offer fewer services.
    d. They don’t provide delivery service.

    1. A.
      a b c
    2. B.
      a b d
    3. C.
      a c d
    4. D.
      b c d
  3. 3.

    What’s special about dime stores?

    1. A.
      They sell lots of goods at a small profit.
    2. B.
      They make big profits by selling some goods.
    3. C.
      They provide goods with a price lower than 50 cents.
    4. D.
      They provide goods ranging from bargains to expensive ones.
  4. 4.

    Where can we most probably read this passage?

    1. A.
      In a research paper.
    2. B.
      In a science report.
    3. C.
      In a geography book.
    4. D.
      In a travel magazine.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

You might think they have enough money for the project but ________ could be further from the truth.

A. something                 B. everything                 C. nothing                D. anything

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The Roman Emperor Claudius II was fighting many wars. He wanted a strong army, but many men did not want to be soldiers. Claudius thought the men wanted to stay at home to be with their wives and children instead of leaving to fight wars.
Claudius thought of an awful solution to his problem. He decided to cancel all marriages! No one in all of Rome could get married. Claudius thought that if the men couldn’t get married, the men would ignore the women and want to be soldiers.
Valentine, who was a priest (牧師), believed that people needed to get married. He thought it was wrong for people to live together without being married. So he secretly and illegally married couples anyway. He performed the weddings in secret places, so the Roman soldiers would not find out.
But they did find out. Valentine was arrested and brought before the Emperor. The Emperor thought Valentine was a well-spoken and wise young man, and encouraged him to stop being a Christian (基督徒) and become a loyal Roman. Valentine would not deny his beliefs, and he refused. He was sent to prison and was finally killed. While he was in prison, he sent out letters to his friends and asked to be prayed (祈禱) for by writing Remember your Valentine.
Valentine was killed on the 14th or the 24th of February in the year 269 or 270. We celebrate Valentine’s Day on February 14th in honor of St. Valentine.

  1. 1.

    The Emperor Claudius II wanted men to __________.     

    1. A.
      live at home and work for the empire
    2. B.
      become loyal Roman citizens
    3. C.
      go to other countries and raise families
    4. D.
      fight wars in other lands
  2. 2.

    The underlined word “awful” in the second paragraph probably means __________.

    1. A.
      terrible
    2. B.
      wonderful
    3. C.
      possible
    4. D.
      friendly
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?     

    1. A.
      Valentine believed in marriage and risked death to marry people.
    2. B.
      Claudius wanted to stay at home with his wife.
    3. C.
      Claudius thought Valentine was a man with a bright future.
    4. D.
      Valentine broke the law.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The USA, New York—Whales and dolphins are facing increasing threats from climate change, according to a new report published by WWF and the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society （WDCS）.
The report "Whales in hot water?" draws attention to the growing impacts of climate change on whales.They range from changes in sea temperature and the freshening of the seawater because of the melting of ice and increased rainfalls, to a sea level rise, loss of icy polar habitats and the decline of krill populations in key areas.Krill, a tiny shrimp that is dependent on sea ice, is the main source of food for many of the great whales.
The speeding up of climate change adds greatly to trouble from other human activities, such as chemical and noise pollution, which kills some 1000 whales every day.
"Whales and dolphins have an ability to adapt to their changing environment," said Mark Simmonds, International Director of Science at WDCS."But the climate is now changing at such a fast pace that it is unclear to what extent whales and dolphins will be able to adjust."
Climate change impacts are currently greatest in the Arctic and the Antarctic.According to the report, cetaceans that rely on polar, icy waters for their home and food resources are likely to be greatly affected by the reduction of sea ice cover.
WDCS and WWF are urging governments to cut global production of C02 by at least 50 percent by the middle of this century.The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed it was possible to stop global warming if the world's emissions start to decline before 2015.

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is the most important for whales and dolphins?

    1. A.
      Rainfall
    2. B.
      Krill
    3. C.
      Sea ice cover
    4. D.
      High sea level
  2. 2.

    From the passage, we can learn that whales mainly feed on _____.

    1. A.
      dolphins
    2. B.
      krill
    3. C.
      sea horses
    4. D.
      sharks
  3. 3.

    The underlined word "decline" in Paragraph 2 means _____.

    1. A.
      increase
    2. B.
      control
    3. C.
      protection
    4. D.
      fall
  4. 4.

    In what place is climate change greatest?  

    1. A.
      The Pacific Ocean
    2. B.
      Asia.
    3. C.
      Two polar areas.
    4. D.
      Equator.
  5. 5.

    Which of the following is not right according to the passage?

    1. A.
      Climate change will lead to the changes in sea temperature.
    2. B.
      Climate change will result in the freshening of the sea water.
    3. C.
      Climate change will have a bad effect on human activities and whales.
    4. D.
      Human beings will forever have no ability to stop global warming.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Do you remember the game “Telephone”? A message gets passed from person to person, and everyone laughs at how distorted(曲解) it becomes. As a game, telephone can be fun. In real life, sending messages through third parties fouls things up. It is important for family members who have “business” with other family members to take it up directly.
When tension arises in a relationship between two people, a frequent way of dealing with this is to send messages through a third person. Family doctors refer to the process as ‘triangulation”. Following a quarrel, a mother may say to her son, “Tell your father to pass the salt”, which may be answered by, “Tell your mother to get her own salt.” In many long cases of triangulation, the middleman becomes severely disturbed.
Two years ago, Ruth and Ralph Gordon brought their 17-year-old daughter for treatment. Lucille was not doing well in school, using drugs heavily. When I began to work with her, she was uncommunicative and aggressive. After some time, however, she opened up and told me her parents rarely talked to each other, but both used her as a middleman. Mrs. Gordon was sexually unsatisfied and suggested to Lucille that she ask her father to go for marriage advice. Mr. Gordon told Lucille that he was seeing another woman, and he urged Lucille to speak to her mother about improving her behaviour. Caught in this confusing situation, Lucille became more and more troubled. It wasn’t until she refused to play middleman that she began to improve. When either parent began to send a message through her, she learned to say, “Tell him/her yourself!”
You’ll find that when family members learn to dial each other directly, there’s rarely a busy signal or wrong number. With direct dialing, a sense of freshness is created.

  1. 1.

    The underlined words “foul things up” in the 1st paragraph means ________.

    1. A.
      create things
    2. B.
      improve things
    3. C.
      remove things
    4. D.
      ruin things
  2. 2.

    “Triangulation” in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.

    1. A.
      the process of sending messages through a 3rd person
    2. B.
      the middleman who becomes severely disturbed
    3. C.
      the tension in a relationship between 2 people
    4. D.
      the argument between a mother and a father
  3. 3.

    Through the example of Lucille and her parents, the writer hopes to tell the readers that _______.

    1. A.
      family members should learn to get their messages across directly
    2. B.
      parents should send their children taking drugs for treatment
    3. C.
      children can hardly get used to their parents’ troubles
    4. D.
      children should refuse the requests of their parents

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