What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆癥) makes you stronger and allows you to live longer?

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley are challenging our long-held belief that humans are born to be selfish.

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was misunderstood by his male followers, the researchers say. Rather than “every man for himself”, Darwin believed that humans are successful as a species precisely because of our educational, selfless and sympathetic characteristics.

Why has it taken so long for Darwin’s central revelation(揭示) to be properly understood? “We’ve had too many men in social science,” Berkeley psychology professor Dacher Keltner told me in an interview. “Female scientists acknowledge that caring for people is part of human nature according to the research, which shows the human ability to care exists in our brains and nerve systems.”

In my book Passages in Caregiving , I urge women who take the whole responsibility for taking care of an elderly parent or a sick relative to build a “Circle of Care”. Reach out to your brothers and sisters, friends, neighbors and community volunteers to help you care, because no one can perform this overwhelming role alone. You will be as shocked as I to learn how the most selfless caregivers are rewarded with longer life.

Sympathy is not a woman’s word. In fact it makes all of us stronger under stress and more highly respected by our peers. For so long we have repeated the false saying “Nice guys finish last”. But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.

1.The first paragraph serves to       .

A．give the background of the topic

B．blame the world for selfishness

C．urge people to care for a dog

D．bring out the topic of the passage

2.In Passages in Caregiving, women are advised to     .

A．share the responsibility of caring with others

B．take good care of themselves

C．learn how to live a longer life

D．help as many people as possible

3.The underlined words “no spring chickens” in the last paragraph refer to        .

A．rich people        B．poor people       C．young people      D．a(chǎn)ged people

4.Why does the author mention the 40 richest Americans’ commitment in this passage?

A．To argue against offering sympathy.

B．To use it as an example to support his opinion.

C．To show their generosity to society.

D．To call on people to learn from them.

5.Which of the following might be the BEST title of the passage?

A．Selflessness could be the secret to longer life

B．Darwin’s theory of evolution is out of date now

C．Measures must be taken to improve the world

D．Males and females have different opinions about selflessness

 

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章主要講述的是無私使人類更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，更長壽。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。這篇文章通過第一段提出整個(gè)文章的主題思想。故選D

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。在作者的書《看護(hù)》的文章中，作者建議女性要和其他人一起分擔(dān)照顧他人的責(zé)任。故選A

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章中But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens.但是這40個(gè)最富有的捐獻(xiàn)了自己一半的財(cái)富的美國人都已經(jīng)不再年輕了�？芍�，no spring chickens的意思是年齡大的人。故選D

4.推斷題。 根據(jù)文章最后一段But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.可知，作者最后使用一個(gè)例子來支持的他的觀點(diǎn)：好人活的最長。故選B

5.主旨題。這篇文章講述的是無私的人總是更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，壽命也更長。故選A

考點(diǎn)：人生百味類議論文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章重在理解作者的感情基調(diào)，從全文來看，作者主要表達(dá)了無私使人類更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，更長壽的觀點(diǎn)，由此可見對(duì)于議論文的文章重在把握作者的感情色彩，答題時(shí)不斷提醒自己作者在講什么，作者的是在褒義還是在貶斥，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。

 

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What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆癥) makes you stronger and allows you to live longer?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley are challenging our long-held belief that humans are born to be selfish.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was misunderstood by his male followers, the researchers say. Rather than “every man for himself”, Darwin believed that humans are successful as a species precisely because of our educational, selfless and sympathetic characteristics.
Why has it taken so long for Darwin’s central revelation(揭示) to be properly understood? “We’ve had too many men in social science,” Berkeley psychology professor Dacher Keltner told me in an interview. “Female scientists acknowledge that caring for people is part of human nature according to the research, which shows the human ability to care exists in our brains and nerve systems.”
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Sympathy is not a woman’s word. In fact it makes all of us stronger under stress and more highly respected by our peers. For so long we have repeated the false saying “Nice guys finish last”. But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.
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B．blame the world for selfishness
C．urge people to care for a dog
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【小題2】In Passages in Caregiving, women are advised to     .
A．share the responsibility of caring with others
B．take good care of themselves
C．learn how to live a longer life
D．help as many people as possible
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B．To use it as an example to support his opinion.
C．To show their generosity to society.
D．To call on people to learn from them.
【小題5】Which of the following might be the BEST title of the passage?
A．Selflessness could be the secret to longer life
B．Darwin’s theory of evolution is out of date now
C．Measures must be taken to improve the world
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