13.When we see men paying attention to their appearance,it's easy to assume that they're just trying to get partners.But our research on beards shows that beards probably evolved at least partly to help men strengthen their standing among other men.
Men and women on average look very different from each other-partly thanks to men's facial hair.And when we see differences between males and females,the explanation often boils down to evolution through sexual selection-the process that favours something that increases mating opportunities.
But interestingly,women don't seem that interested in beards.While some studies have found that women like a bit or even a lot of facial hair on men,other studies have reported that they prefer the clean-shaven look.The lack of consistent evidence means we can't conclude that beards evolved because women were attracted to them.
Researchers have therefore suggested that a second type of sexual selection may hold the answer.To reproduce,it's often not enough to simply be attractive.You also have to compete with the same sex for mating opportunities.The funny,shy guy at the back of the bar isn't going to stand a chance when competing with his aggressive brothers otherwise.And there's evidence that beards evolved to help men do just that.
In times with a greater proportion of single men competing for fewer women,beards and moustaches became more fashionable.A man's ability to grow a thick beard isn't actually neatly linked to his testosterone (男性荷爾蒙) levels.Despite this,a number of studies have suggested that both men and women regard men with beards as older,stronger and more aggressive than others.And dominant men can get more mating opportunities by frightening rivals to stand aside.
32.What makes men differ from women?D
A.Men's expressions.
B.Men's appearance.
C.Men's ability.
D.Men's facial hair.
33.According to the Researchers beardsC.
A.differ men from women
B.are preferred to be clean-shaven
C.help a man win sexual selection
D.make the shy guy stand behind the bar
34.What happened when there were more single men but fewer women?A
A.Beards were more popular.
B.Men were not aggressive.
C.More men could not get married.
D.People liked dominant men.
35.What do we learn about beards from the text?B
A.They are used to attract females.
B.They make men dominant.
C.They interest women.
D.They are not important now.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了一項關于男人的胡子的研究,胡子并不受女性的審美喜歡,但是它是男性成熟、強壯、和具有攻擊性的象征,因此擁有濃密胡子的男性會占主導地位,獲得更多的交配機會.
解答 32.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據文章第二段"Men and women on average look very different from each other-partly thanks to men's facial hair"男性和女性在外貌上有著很大區(qū)別,而這至少有一部分與男人濃密的面部毛發(fā)有關;故選D.
33.C.推理判斷題.根據文章第三段"Researchers have therefore suggested that a second type of sexual selection may hold the answer"因此,研究人員提出了另一種性選擇傾向,或許能解釋這一現(xiàn)象,可推測胡子可以幫助男人贏得更多的性選擇;故選C.
34.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據文章第四段"In times with a greater proportion of single men competing for fewer women,beards and moustaches became more fashionable"在男性比例遠高于女性比例時,求偶時有胡須的男性就顯得更為時尚,可知有胡須的男人更受歡迎;故選A.
35.B.推理判斷題.根據文章最后一段"And dominant men can get more mating opportunities by frightening rivals to stand aside"那么占這種支配優(yōu)勢的人就能脅迫競爭對手靠邊站,從而為自己贏得更多的交配機會,可知胡子可以使男人占據主導地位;故選B.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.