8．In 1988，a company in Ohio invented an alcohol-based hand cleaner，which was meant to be used by health-care worker； when soap and water were unavailable．Joe Kanfer，the company's C．E．O．，told me recently，"there were a couple of other alcohol products out there，but they were really ugly．Either they were greasy （油膩的） or they burned your hands white．"Kanfer took a year and a half to develop this product which is visually appealing and does almost no harm to one's skin．Still．Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for．
The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere．My doctor uses it several times during every office visit．You can hear it in almost every office in the U．S．a(chǎn)nd school picnics would be impossible without it．The former president Grorge W．Bush was called a racist for using hand cleaner after first shaking hands with Barack Obama，but Bush also gave some of it to Obama and recommended it as a cold preventative （預(yù)防藥）．What was once barely even a product is now a growing product category，worth hundreds of millions per year．
The rise of Purell makes some health professionals uneasy．Some claimed that promoting hand cleaner may worsen"our culture's irrational （非理性的） fear about bacteria．"Still，the clear agreement among experts is that unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infections in hospitals．A 2007study estimated that，in America in 2002，such infections resulted in more than a million and a half patient illnesses and caused or contributed to nearly a hundred thousand patient deaths-about double the number of U．S．deaths currently caused each year by AIDS and guns combined．
However，I asked a food microbiologist whether clean hands might have a medical drawback．He said，"We might have a much healthier population if we adopted the kinds of condition that we see in many Third World countries，with poor-quality food and poor-quality water and lots of bacteria．If we did that，we would have adults who were very healthy and have very strong immune systems．Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate．"
28．Why did Joe Kanfer lose money on his product according to Paragraph 1？A
A．Because people didn't think it useful．
B．Because people thought it was ugly．
C．Because it was harmful to the skin．
D．Because it burned the hands white．
29．What does Paragraph 2mainly talk about？B
A．Purell brings in lots of money for Kanfer．
B．Purell has been widely used in the US．
C．Purell is a cold preventative．
D．Purell meets different needs．
30．What mainly caused patient deaths according to the figures in Paragraph 3？C
A．People's fear about bacteria．
B．Hand cleaner．
C．Bacteria on the dirty hands．
D．AIDS and guns．
31．What can we learn about the people in Third World countries？D
A．They adopt healthy living habits．
B．They have poor immune systems．
C．They eat food with fewer bacteria．
D．Their child death rate remains high．
分析 本文介紹了俄亥俄州一家公司發(fā)明的基于酒精的洗手液．
解答 28．答案是A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段中"Still．Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for"可知原因是人們不知道這種產(chǎn)品有什么用．所以答案選A．
29．答案是B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)本段第一句"The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere"．這種產(chǎn)品被叫做Purell，今天到處可見，及后面的舉例可知本段主要是講這種產(chǎn)品的流行．所以答案選B．
30．答案是C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段中"unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infections in hospitals"不干凈的手造成嚴(yán)重的健康危險是疾病在醫(yī)院里傳播的主要原因之一，所以答案選C．
31．答案是D．推理判斷題，根據(jù)最后一段中"Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate"．不幸的是我們能夠支付的價格使兒童的死亡率及其高，可知第三地界的國家由于不衛(wèi)生導(dǎo)致兒童死亡率很高．所以答案是D．
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．
