Can computer reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur. Now, or at least soon, computers will be able to do logical reasoning in a variety of areas without making errors. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recent research in this field. AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that is the best example of this use of the computer.

AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. The program reaches logical conclusions perfectly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using advanced techniques to find a contradiction(矛盾).

One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically(自動地) shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid many fruitless steps.

The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit(電路)design check, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist “expert systems” that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert systems continue to improve and have an endless life. Moreover, they can be reproduced just for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be reproduced any number of times.

Will the computer replace the human being? It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs, such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas, which will be partially prepared and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.

1.The way AURA works is to            .

A.explore the faults in designing.              B.discover the viruses in a program.

C.find out what is against the set programs                               D.predict by reasoning.

2.All of the following are mentioned as areas for the use of AURA EXCEPT            .

A.electronic engineering.                          B.search for oil

C.identification of diseases.                      D.mental logic

3.All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT           .

A.they can be reproduced endlessly          B.they are featured by self analysis.

C.they may be enriched in contents.          D.they are reproduced almost free.

4.What’s the best title for the passage?

A.Practical Uses of computers.                B.Suggested applications for AURA.

C.The technical perfection of AURA.        D. Computer aid to human reasoning.

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D.the information being dealt with

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C.developed                                                     D.researched

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A.explain when people can have a sixth sense
B.show how people act while being watched in the lab
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B.lost their sense when they were stared at
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D.were uncomfortable when they were stared at
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C.The subjects do not have a sixth sense in the experiments.
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【小題1】According to the passage we know ________.

A.weight-loss camps was very popular in China six years ago
B.a(chǎn)bout 290 million Chinese are overweight in China in all
C.in China childhood obesity rate in rural areas is lower than that in major cities
D.America’s childhood obesity rate is lower than China’s
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A.Advertising on some new candiesB.High quality diets
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【小題4】 According to the passage we can infer ________.
A.obesity explosion in China will affect the United States
B.there are great difference in kids’ food choices now
C.junk food contributes to childhood obesity
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【小題5】 What’s the best title for the passage?
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B.Weight-loss Camps in China
C.Obesity Explosion’s Impacts On Chinese Economy
D.Obesity Explosion In China And America

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IMAGINE if there was a device that could do everything for you – wake you up every morning, chat with you and type your e-mails.
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【小題1】What is the function of the first two paragraphs?

A.To show that invention usually results from need.
B.To clear doubts about voice recognition technology.
C.To introduce something that offers these helpful services.
D.To show how the voice recognition works.
【小題2】Which step is the most complicated in the process of voice recognition according to the article?
A.Changing the received vibrations into digital data.
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C.Putting the pronunciations together into possible words.
D.Figuring out meaningful sentences based on the words.
【小題3】How can you get Siri to respond according to the article?
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B.You can only speak English and Chinese.
C.You have to say things in a certain way.
D.You have to remember keywords and speak specific commands.
【小題4】What can be concluded from the article?
A.Siri can record and save what you say frequently into a computer dictionary.
B.Siri will fail to understand what you say if you make grammatical mistakes.
C.The biggest advantage of Siri is that it’s NLU is rather than just voice recognition.
D.Since first applied to Apple products a year ago, Siri has made great improvements.
【小題5】The text is mainly about ________.
A.the convenience of future life.
B.a(chǎn)n introduction to the Apple products.
C.the working system of voice recognition
D.the introduction to Siri

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