________ a written permission, he had to write another letter to the president of the university.

A．Not giving 

B．Not having been given

C．Having not given 

D．Having not been given

B

句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有得到書(shū)面許可，他不得不給大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)了另外一封信。此處“沒(méi)有得到書(shū)面許可”發(fā)生在“寫(xiě)另外一封信”之前，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)，分詞的否定式是在前面加上not，所以選B項(xiàng)。

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