13.When did you last visit a shopping mall?In many places,the answer would be"last weekend."Some people go even more often.Why?Shopping malls offer goods and services all in one place:food,clothing,things for their houses,entertainment,even medical services.So,are they one of the highlights of modern civilization?Environmental activists would say no and would go even further,arguing that consumer behavior is causing a huge environmental disaster.They cause consumers'ignorance of the side effect of their shopping----urban sprawl (蔓延).
Social scientists agree that patterns of development have changed the landscape a lot.Before 1950,most people lived in towns or cities and either walked to work or took public transportation.Only very wealthy people had automobiles.Farmers lived in rural areas or far-away villages and came into town only when they needed things they couldn't produce themselves.If you stared at the landscape you would see towns surrounded by the countryside.
Now automobiles become affordable and people are quick to make use of them.Ambitious workers could live in suburbs,just outside cities,which have started to grow rapidly.As long as there is lots of cheap land there,no one pays much attention to the usage of that land.Malls,fast food restaurants,cinemas,and such spread out in large,flat buildings.These one-storey buildings and their parking lots take up too much space.Many farmers think they are better off selling their land than growing crops.No one has realized once the land is built up in urban sprawl,the good farming land will be ruined forever.There is no way to preserve it.
Only in recent years have people come to miss the old way of life as they have looked into the problems of unconditional growth.Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental problems.The bad effects that sprawl brings about include air and water pollution,loss of agricultural land,traffic jams,and so on.Many scholars think it's time to analyze the problems better so we can develop proper policies to control further sprawl.Some think the best way to do is to educate citizens.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
78.What does the underlined word"They"refer to in the first paragraph?Shopping malls
79.In the past,farmers in the countryside only went to towns or cities tobuy things they couldn't produce themselves.
80.Besides the mobility made possible by automobiles,what other two factors have led to the unconditional growth?.Cheap land/Wrong (Wasteful) land usage and farmers'selling their (farming) land
81.Now people come to realize the importance of protecting environment and dealing with the serious problem brought about by(further) urban sprawl.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章向我們敘述了城市擴(kuò)張的副作用,無條件增長的問題使人們意識(shí)到城市擴(kuò)張帶來了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題,蔓延帶來的不良影響包括空氣和水的污染,農(nóng)業(yè)用地的損失,交通堵塞等等.因此呼吁讀者要有環(huán)保意識(shí).
解答 78.Shopping malls.根據(jù)文章"They cause consumers'ignorance of the side effect of their shopping----urban sprawl"可知購物中心導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者忽視了購物的副作用----城市擴(kuò)張蔓延;故填Shopping malls.
79.buy things they couldn't produce themselves.根據(jù)第二段"Farmers lived in rural areas or far-away villages and came into town only when they needed things they couldn't produce themselves"可知農(nóng)民住在農(nóng)村或遠(yuǎn)離村莊,只有當(dāng)他們需要的東西,他們不能自己生產(chǎn)才會(huì)進(jìn)城;故填buy things they couldn't produce themselves.
80.Cheap land/Wrong (Wasteful) land usage and farmers'selling their (farming) land.根據(jù)下文可得兩個(gè)因素"lots of cheap land""Many farmers think they are better off selling their land than growing crops"可知大量的廉價(jià)土地和許多農(nóng)民認(rèn)為他們更好地出售他們的土地比種植作物就是另外兩個(gè)原因.
81.(further) urban sprawl.根據(jù)最后一段"Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental problems",現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到城市擴(kuò)張帶來了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題,可知引起的原因是城市擴(kuò)張,故填urban sprawl.
點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.