11.We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world.They don't move,they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything-at least not very quickly.But as is often the case,our human's view of the world misses quite a lot.Plants talk to each other all the time.And the language is chemical.
Over the years,scientists have reported that different types of plants,from trees to tomatoes,release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings all have the same purpose-to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves.But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest,the cutworm.The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants.They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants.The substance is called HexVic.When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms,it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic,and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants.Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic.Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease.How do they know when to play defense?They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is a complex tale,and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.
25.How do plants warn their neighbors?B
A.They make use of winds.
B.They release some chemicals.
C.They identify the chemicals.
D.They are exposed early.
26.What's the function of HexVic?A
A.It damages the cutworm's body.
B.It shows up more.
C.It cures the disease.
D.It sprays over healthy plants.
27.It can be inferred from the text thatC.
A.there are not chemical signals
B.the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes
C.farmers may benefit from the further studies
D.plants are warned first by their neighbors
28.The passage is likely to appear inC.
A.a(chǎn) newspaper advertisement
B.a(chǎn) physics textbook
C.a(chǎn) science magazine
D.a(chǎn) finance report.
分析 本文主要講述了自然界中的植物通過釋放化學(xué)物質(zhì)來實現(xiàn)彼此之間的交流.
解答 25.B 細節(jié)題.根據(jù)第二段的"scientists have reported that different types of plants,from trees to tomatoes,release compounds(化合物)into the air to help neighboring plants"可知,不同種類的植物,從樹木到西紅柿都向空氣中釋放化合物以幫助或者警告周邊的植物.
26.A 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms,it knocked down their survival rate by 17%(科學(xué)家給糖蛾喂食HexVic的化合物后,糖蛾的生存率降低了17%")"以及"Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm-killing HexVic(那些植物接著開始產(chǎn)生殺死糖蛾的HexVic)"可知 HexVic毀了糖蛾的身體.
27.C 由文章的最后一段"Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency."可知農(nóng)民們會從研究中受益.
28.C 本文內(nèi)容是告訴人們,植物并非是人們所認為的只是大自然的裝飾品,事實上,植物一直都在說話!這是在告訴人們,人類對世界的認知有嚴重的缺失.由此可推知,這是一篇科研報告性質(zhì)的文章.
點評 本文是一個科教類閱讀,題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).