That good service at the hotel ________ the poor food to some extent.
[      ]
A. made up
B. made use of
C. made up for
D. kept up with
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：江蘇省寧海外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2010屆高三高考模擬英語(yǔ)試題（二） 題型：閱讀理解


B
Economists usually study markets．Now，two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets．They will share almost one and a half million dollars for their analysis of economic governance(治理)．The winners are Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University in Bloomington and Oliver Williamson of the University of California，Berkeley．The prize in economic sciences has gone to 63 men since it was first awarded 40 years ago．Elinor Ostrom is the first woman．And，like other winners over the years，her training is not limited to economics．She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs．
Today，economic theory suggests that good resource management requires ownership，either private or public．If not，the thinking goes，then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction of shared resources．Ecologist Garrett Hardin described this idea in 1968 as“the tragedy of the commons．”
Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can lessen the tragedy．Her research has deepened understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources．    
She studied communities like farmers in Southern  California who depended on a common water supply． She documented how people who use resources often develop ways to share them．One example is forest management．She says，“One of the absolutely key，most important variables(變量)as to
whether or not a forest survives and continues is whether local people monitor each other and its use．Not officials，locals．”
Oliver Williamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs．Under his theory，businesses act as structures for conflict resolution．
For example，companies that own their suppliers can avoid long-term contracts and disputes over prices．This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources．But businesses can also abuse their power．Professor Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies，but through industry regulation．
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said economists need to do more than study markets and prices．The Nobel judges urged more research like the kind they recognized with this year’s award．
60．According to Elinor Ostrom，                ．
A．the tragedy of the commons is caused by local decision
B．private ownership can cause the tragedy of the commons
C．overuse of shared resources can cause the tragedy of the commons
D．it is not the officials but the local people who can do something to avoid the tragedy
61．This year’s Nobel Prize for economics is shared by        ．
A．Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson   B．Elinor Ostrom and Garrett Hardin
C．Oliver Williamson and Garrett Hardin   D．63 economic scientists
62．Professor Williamson proved that long-term contracts and disputes over prices can be
avoided by big companies by                  ．
A．1imiting the size of other companies
B．providing sufficient production
C．sharing resources with their own suppliers
D．setting up their own industry regulation
63．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A．Two American Economists Won the Nobel Prize for Studying Markets．
B．Researchers of Economic Governance Won the Nobel Prize for Economics．
C．First Woman to Win the Nobel Prize for Economic Strategies．
D．The Tragedy of the Commons and the Big Businesses．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年遼寧盤錦市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)高二第一次階段考試英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.
Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as ‘mentalese’ ), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (織錦)，writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.
When people write as if some strict critics (批評(píng)家) are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.
【小題1】What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

A．They often regret writing poor works.
B．Some of them write surprisingly much.
C．Many of them hate reading their own works.
D．They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.
【小題2】What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?
A．People think in words and sentences.
B．Human ideas are translated into symbols.
C．People think by connecting threads of ideas.
D．Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.
【小題3】What can we conclude from the text?
A．Most people believe we think in symbols.
B．Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.
C．The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.
D．Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆福建省三明九中高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (懷舊的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(轉(zhuǎn)換) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(發(fā)現(xiàn)) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【小題1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
【小題2】Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D．discussed the importance of writing speed
【小題3】Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
【小題4】What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Window.B．SoulC．PictureD．Imagination.
【小題5】What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2014屆遼寧盤錦市高二第一次階段考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.

Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as ‘mentalese’ ), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (織錦)，writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics (批評(píng)家) are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

1.What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

A．They often regret writing poor works.

B．Some of them write surprisingly much.

C．Many of them hate reading their own works.

D．They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.

2.What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?

A．People think in words and sentences.

B．Human ideas are translated into symbols.

C．People think by connecting threads of ideas.

D．Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.

3.What can we conclude from the text?

A．Most people believe we think in symbols.

B．Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.

C．The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.

D．Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年遼寧省丹東市四校協(xié)作體高三摸底測(cè)試（零診）英語(yǔ)試題 題型：信息匹配

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

   1.    But science may have just proved them right – because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts, according to a study.

As parents tend to pass on genes that determine looks, this could result in handsome men becoming rather thin on the ground.    2.   For example, Yasmin Le Bon is signed to the same modelling agency as daughter Amber, and Jerry Hall’s daughters Elizabeth and Georgia Jagger have both taken to the catwalk.  

Dr Satoshi Kanazawa, of the London School of Economics, analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and tracked them throughout their lives.    3.     When they reached 45, they were asked about the gender of any children they had.

Those rated as attractive were equally likely to have a son or daughter as their first child – but the unattractive sorts were more likely to have a son.    4.  

Dr Kanazawa believes that parents tend to produce children who benefit from their own features.   5.   So it pays for attractive women to have daughters. But couples blessed with strength and aggression rather than looks are better off having boys, as these characteristics are of more use to males.

A. Women are becoming more beautiful over the generations because attractive women have

more children than plain ones.

B. Single girls have always complained that good-looking men are difficult to find.

C. Beauty is of more benefit to a woman than a man.

D. At the age of seven, their attractiveness was rated by their teachers.

E. Put another way, the beautiful women were more likely to have daughters.

F. And it may also explain why many models have daughters who follow in their fascinating footsteps.

G. Famously good-looking parents like Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are more likely to have girls than uglier couples.

 

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