As the newspaper reported, the talks were held in an open, friendly, cooperative and constructive ______.

A. environment      B. atmosphere     C. condition      D. situation

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年湖北省武漢二中高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Why are we addicted to upgrades? According to Donald Norman, American author of the book The Design of Everyday Things, “planned obsolescence”（計(jì)劃性報(bào)廢） is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry.
The New York Times cited Norman last month, saying that electronics manufactures strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.
“This is an old-time trick– they’re not inventing anything new,” he said.
Thomas Wensma, a Dutch designer, despises the “planned obsolescence” of companies, as recently reported by UK-based The Guardian.
Wensma said this is a wasteful system through which companies – many of them producing personal electronics – release shoddy products simply because “they know that, in six months or a year, they’ll put out a new one”.
But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Wensma said to the newspaper: “We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.”
____________________
“It’s to the damage of the consumer and the environment,” as the New York Times quoted Norman. “But perhaps to the betterment of the stockholder.”
In its most recent fiscal(財(cái)務(wù)的) year, Apple’s profit margin was more than 21 percent, reported the Los Angeles Times. At Hewlett-Packard, the world’s biggest PC manufacturer, it was only 7 percent.
“Steven Jobs pushed the principle of ‘planned obsolescence’ to new heights,” the newspaper commented on the company’s profits and marketing strategy. “Apple’s annual upgrades of its products generate sales of millions of units as owners of one year’s MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version, even when the changes are incremental.”
Peer pressure
As to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When the majority of friends are switching to the latest devices, he worries about feeling left out.
“Some apps and games require better hardware to run,” said Li. “If you don’t join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.”
【小題1】Donald Norman believes that electronics makers strategically release new upgrades periodically because __________.

A．customers need the latest versionB．technology is developing so fast
C．they want to invent something newD．they can make a lot of money
【小題2】Thomas Wensma’s attitude to the “planned obsolescence” is __________.
A．positiveB．negativeC．indifferentD．neutral
【小題3】What subtitle can best fit into the blank in the text?
A．Huge profitsB．Apple’s principle
C．Environmental damageD．Marketing strategy
【小題4】The writer takes the example of Li Jijia to show that __________.
A．the new psychology of consumers is also to blame for the wasteful system
B．young people are always fond of something new, pretty and shiny
C．if you don’t upgrade your smart phone, you will lose contact with your friends
D．needs of consumers help to promote the development of electronics industry

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2010年陜西省臨渭區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

To the Editor,
I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed(習(xí)慣的) to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times . In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes（食譜） in the magazine, as well as the Styles section.
The Times is great, but the Gazette is another story. I’ve never read an article that doesn’t contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last week’s issue you misspelled the word “secretary”, used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “it’s” as a possessive (所有格). And that was just in the lead story! In case you never went to elementary school, “it’s” means “it is ”.It’s also a possessive adjective!
It’s a pity that this tiny little hick(鄉(xiāng)下) town has only one newspaper, because I’d like to have an alternative(替換物) to the rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you can’t spell correctly. How can you get your facts right?
I’ve been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription(訂閱). And buy yourself a dictionary.
Sincerely,
Jane Z, Jones
【小題1】 Which phrase from the passage shows the writer’s prejudice(偏見(jiàn))?

A．get this off my chest
B．three or four spelling or grammatical errors
C．tiny little hick town
D．reading the recipes in the magazine
【小題2】The author’s tone in this passage can best be described as                 
A．happyB．a(chǎn)ngryC．sympathetic(同情的)D．objective
【小題3】Which statement of the following is not true according to the passage?
A．The writer once lived in New York City, so he was used to reading the Times.
B．The entire family enjoys reading the Styles section in the mafazine.
C．The writer has long been planning to express his dissatisfaction with the local newspaper
D．It is obvious that the editors of the newspaper are not very careful about their work.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年河北省魏縣一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

NEW YORK CITY?A hurricane warning has been given for New York City．Forecasters say Hurricane Irene could cause widespread flooding, power failure and billions of dollars in damage．About 65 million Americans live in Hurricane Irene's projected path —many of whom have been evacuated．
In New York City, Mayor Michael Bloomberg has ordered the city's first-ever evacuation． Roughly 250,000 people have been told to leave their homes in low-lying areas, including the Wall Street financial district．
WASHINGTON D．C．—On Aug．24, 2011, Apple announced that Mr．Steve Jobs, who has battled cancer for several years, was stepping down as the CEO but would serve as chairman．
In January, he had announced that he was taking a medical leave of absence from Apple．In announcing his leave, he turned daily oversight of the company over to the chief operating officer, Timothy D．Cook, and it was Mr．Cook whom Apple named to succeed him as the next CEO of the company．
TRIPOLI—Opposition forces in Libya say they control more than 90 percent of the country．It is still not clear where Moammar Gadhafi is．The opposition has offered more than 1,600,000 dollars for his capture （逮捕）．The head of the opposition forces said his group supports a decision by local businessmen to provide the money in an effort to speed up the capture．Earlier Wednesday, government forces fired onto the former headquarters （總部） of Mr．Gadhafi, which is now controlled by opposition forces．Heavy fighting also continued near Tripoli's airport and in a town of Zuara．
【小題1】The underlined word "evacuated" probably means ________．

A．sent away to safer placesB．gathered around to higher positions
C．flooded off to lower reachesD．left behind to dangerous situations
【小題2】Who has been appointed as the new CEO of Apple?
A．Steve Jobs．                    B．Michael Bloomberg．
C．Moammar Gadhafi．              D．Timothy  D．Cook．
【小題3】From the news above, we know that in Libya _______．
A．the local businessmen have offered money to catch hold of Gadhafi
B．the opposition forces suffered a thorough defeat near Tripoli's airport
C．the government forces are defending the headquarters of Mr．Gadhafi
D．the town of Zuara is the place where Moammar Gadhafi probably hides

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆廣東省佛山一中高三第二次段考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

A． “Better road design and training hold the key to cycle safety”, the new Transport Secretary said today as he pledged to restore Britain’s safety record. Patrick McLoughlin told Conservative Party Conference that while cycling was enjoying a post-Olympics boom, the number of casualties among cyclists was also rising. “But the number of accidents has gone up too. That means it needs better design and better education too.” Mr McLoughlin said in his first speech as Transport Secretary. 
B.  Cycling in the UK will become safer through “sheer weight of numbers,” the founder of one of the world’s leading cycle brands has said as he backed The Times’s Cyclesafe campaign. Simon Mottram, founder and chief executive of Rapha, has added his support to 40 cross-party MPs who have signed a letter urging David Cameron to use his speech at the Conservative Party Conference to promote measures to make the streets safer for cyclists.
C.  Commuters who cycle to work face an increased danger as the casualty toll during peak hours rose by 10 percent last year. The rate at which cyclists were killed or seriously injured rose sharply last year, official figures showed yesterday.
D.  In future decades, Londoners will look back on the way cyclists jostled with buses and lorries on major roads as an absurd anachronism. Some risks are unavoidable. But other risks survive only because we are too slow to embrace bold solutions. That is the message from designers who are proposing an ambitious plan to create cycle lanes suspended above London’s busiest streets. London is one of the most dangerous places in the world for cycling. “SkyCycle” would remedy that problem by attaching dedicated cycle paths to existing railway viaducts.
E.  Money should be apportioned from the funding for major transport projects, such as the new Forth Crossing, to create a pot of cash for cycling, campaigners have told MSPs. Cycle groups have given warning that not enough money is being put into routes and promotion. They want the Scottish government to take a percentage of the funding allocated to key national projects and create an “active transport” fund to be distributed gradually.
F.  We’d like you to tell us why you love cycling by sending a photo of yourself, a family member or friend with their bike and a note about why it is so brilliant. To take part, instagram your photo with the hashtag #ilovemybike or email it to us at ilovemybike@thetimes.co.uk. We’ll post the best pictures here ilovemybike.tumblr.com.
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【小題1】“Cycle lanes in the sky” answer to traffic danger
【小題2】More cyclists are seriously injured on Britain’s roads
【小題3】Share a picture of you and your bike and help us promote the fun and freedom of cycling
【小題4】“Weight of numbers” will bring safe cycling
【小題5】Transport Secretary calls for better road design and training to help cyclists

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