Question

10．Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters．Just like children，they adopt a"look and learn"approach which means they can mimic （模仿） human's actions when going about their tasks．
    Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see，using a simple wooden box．In the study，ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box，sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands．
    In the first part of the test，five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners'actions．The other five were rewarded with food for not copying，and using other methods．With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times，and the time taken for a dog to get it"right"on 85 percent of attempts （17 goes out of 20）was recorded．The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them．In the second part of the test，all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used．The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five．
    In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society，they concluded，"Like humans，dogs can't help imitating actions they see．"Going further，they said，"The results suggest the imitative （模仿的） behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary （進(jìn)化的） history of domestication （馴化）．"
    Caroline Kisko，from the Kennel club，said，"A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior．We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets．"
38．What's the best title of the passage？C
A．Dogs Are Intelligent Animals         
B．Dogs Are like Children Most
C．Dogs Behave like Their Masters         
D．Dogs Can Complete Simple Tasks
39．The underlined part"they"in Paragraph 4 most probably refers toD．
A．the dogs'masters                    
B．the magazine's publishers
C．a(chǎn)ll the people involved in the experiment
D．the biologists and psychologists
40．The researchers believe dogs'imitative behavior comes mainly fromD．
A．domestication            
B．human rewards     
C．evolution             
D．human-dog interactions
41．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？B
A．Masters should influence their dogs as early as possible．
B．A man's bad behavior may influence his dog．
C．Dogs can't be influenced by men easily．
D．Dogs always behave positively．

Answer 1

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，人喂養(yǎng)的狗會(huì)模仿其主人的言行舉止．

解答 38．C．主旨大意題．文章通過介紹一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，人喂養(yǎng)的狗會(huì)模仿其主人的言行舉止．因此狗的行為像主人最適合作文章標(biāo)題；故選C．
39．D．代詞指代題．從文章內(nèi)容In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society，they concluded看，這個(gè)代詞指代前面提到的該研究的設(shè)計(jì)者，即維也納和牛津大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家，故選D．
40．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容The results suggest the imitative （模仿的） behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary （進(jìn)化的） history of domestication 可知，狗的模仿行為受到狗與人的相互作用的影響，而不是由其馴化的程度決定的，故選D．
41．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior可知，狗的模仿行為和孩子學(xué)習(xí)分辨是非的行為相似，因此狗的主人應(yīng)該意識到自己行為的重要性，并利用這一知識來樹立好的榜樣，從正面引導(dǎo)自己的寵物做出良好的表現(xiàn)．由此可推斷人的壞行為同樣會(huì)影響到狗并使其學(xué)壞；故選B．

點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．