Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售業(yè)) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.

He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.

Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.

After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (認(rèn)股權(quán)) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (實(shí)現(xiàn)) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.

By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

56. Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when __________.

A. he worked in his father’s store               

B. he created Walton's management style

C. a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America

D. he specialized in name brands at low prices

57. What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”?

A. To make sure all the employees had their own shares.

B. To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.

C. To select excellent employees for his stores.

D. To make more profit for himself.

58. Which of the statements is TRUE?

A. With Walton’s management style, employees treated the stores as their own.

B. Walton wasn’t one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.

C. The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton’s stores.

D. In his old age, Walton gave all the management to his men.

59. What does the underlined word “edge” in the last paragraph mean here?

A. Danger.       B. Disadvantage.         C. Advantage.        D. System.

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆湖南省五市十校高三第一次聯(lián)合檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解


Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
But even with the recession(經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮) apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.
“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA?’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.
The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光環(huán)) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.
【小題1】According to paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?

A．Envious(嫉妒的).B．Realistic.
C．Scornful(蔑視的).D．Appreciative.
【小題2】. It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by ___.
A．the complaints from various employers
B．the success of many non-MBAs
C．the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines
D．the poor performance of MBAs at work
【小題3】. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?
A．They are usually self-centered.
B．They are aggressive and greedy.
C．They keep complaining about their jobs.
D．They are not good at dealing with people.
【小題4】. From the passage we know that most MBAs ________.
A．can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly
B．quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates
C．receive salaries that do not match their professional training
D．cherish unrealistic expectations about their future
【小題5】 What is the passage mainly about?
A．Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.
B．The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.
C．Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.
D．A debate held recently on university campuses.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2014屆江西紅色六校高三上期第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

I never thought I would have a life-changing experience at Wal-Mart.

Although my thoughts were only on speed, the checkout line I was standing in wasn't moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier.

There stood a man in his seventies, wearing glasses and a nice smile. I thought, well, he's an old guy!

For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before scanning the items. Sure, his words were the usual, "How's it going?" But he did something different--he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and engage them in brief conversation.

I thought it was odd. I has grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of robotic conversational habit. After a while, you don't give any thought to the question and just mumble something back. I could say, "I just found out I have six months to live," and someone would reply, "Have a great day!"

But that wasn't the end.

He gave them the change, walked around the counter, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. He looked the customers in the eyes. "I sure want to thank you for shopping here today," he told them. "You have a great day. Bye-bye."

The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless. There were smiles and some sheepish grins. All had been touched by his simple gesture--and in a place they never expected. They would gather their things and walk out, smiling.

Of course, he did the same to me and I got to know his name--Marty.

Who was that guy? It was as if Sam Walton had come back from the dead and invaded this old guy's body.

 I had never walked away from that shop feeling like that.

1.What was most customers' reaction to Marty's behavior?

A. They thought it priceless.

B. They thought it awful and odd.

C. They felt somewhat offended.

D. They were in some way moved.

2.The checkout line the writer was standing in moved slower than expected because______

A. the cashier did more than scanning the items

B. the cashier couldn't work as fast as others

C. there were some big purchases

D. the writer was not patient enough

3.What can we infer about Sam Walton?

A. He might be Marty's father or grandfather.

B. He might have died while working in the market.

C. He might be friendly and devoted to Wal-Mart.

D. He might have come back from the dead once before.

4.According to the writer, when common people ask you "How's it going?"

A. they are just practicing their conversation ability

B. they are inquiring about your private information

C. they don't expect to hear any negative answers

D. they don't really care what you may answer

5.What does the writer intend to express through the text?

A. Our everyday life is always full of surprises.

B. Being different is a good way of doing business.

C. A little positive action can make a big difference.

D. Most customers enjoy being treated this way.

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆湖南省五市十校高三第一次聯(lián)合檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).

The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.

But even with the recession(經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮) apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.

“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA?’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”

The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.

The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”

The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光環(huán)) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.

Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.

1.According to paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?

A．Envious(嫉妒的).

B．Realistic.

C．Scornful(蔑視的).

D．Appreciative.

2.. It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by ___.

A．the complaints from various employers

B．the success of many non-MBAs

C．the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines

D．the poor performance of MBAs at work

3.. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?

A．They are usually self-centered.

B．They are aggressive and greedy.

C．They keep complaining about their jobs.

D．They are not good at dealing with people.

4.. From the passage we know that most MBAs ________.

A．can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly

B．quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates

C．receive salaries that do not match their professional training

D．cherish unrealistic expectations about their future

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.

B．The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.

C．Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.

D．A debate held recently on university campuses.

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年青海省高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

We have all heard the old phrase “attitude is everything”, and that phrase is certainly true．Your attitude can have a great impact on your personal motivation, so it is important to keep a positive attitude no matter what challenges you face．

As a matter of fact, keeping your attitude positive in the face of difficulties is the motivation tip that most successful business owners will tell you．The most successful business owners, from Sam Walton to Bill Gates, have all been able to triumph in the face of unpleasant situations．It is those successful business owners who tell you that attitude is everything．But how you deal with that knowledge will determine your level of success．

One of the most important ways to carry out “attitude is everything” is to observe who you associate with and who you surround yourself with．That is because when you surround yourself with negative people, their negative attitudes will infect you．So keeping your associates, colleagues, co-workers and friends as positive as possible is a great way to put the phrase “attitude is everything” into practice．

Whatever you decide to do in life, your attitude will have a great effect on the success you achieve．Success , whether in the world of business or in your personal life, is directly related to your attitude, and the attitude you bring to your work．A positive attitude will help you achieve greater success in your job, no matter what your current level of employment．

1.According to the text, Sam Walton __________．

     A．is more successful than Bill Gates

         B．has given readers some tips about success

         C．has never dealt with unpleasant situations

         D．is one of the most successful businessmen

2.One useful way of carrying out “attitude is everything” is__________．

     A．not letting others affect your decisions

     B．not making friends with people who are unsuccessful

     C．keeping the people who surround you positive

     D．getting some advice from successful business owners

3.What’s the best title for the text ?

     A．Attitude Determines Your Success

     B．Motivation Tips From Successful People

     C．Ways To Deal With Unpleasant Situations

     D．Making Friends With Positive People

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年寧夏高三上學(xué)期第一次月考試題（英語(yǔ)） 題型：閱讀理解

We have all heard the old phrase “attitude is everything”, and that phrase is certainly true．Your attitude can have a great impact on your personal motivation, so it is important to keep a positive attitude no matter what challenges you face．

As a matter of fact, keeping your attitude positive in the face of difficulties is the motivation tip that most successful business owners will tell you．The most successful business owners, from Sam Walton to Bill Gates, have all been able to triumph in the face of unpleasant situations．It is those successful business owners who tell you that attitude is everything．But how you deal with that knowledge will determine your level of success．

One of the most important ways to carry out “attitude is everything” is to observe who you associate with and who you surround yourself with．That is because when you surround yourself with negative people, their negative attitudes will infect you．So keeping your associates, colleagues, co-workers and friends as positive as possible is a great way to put the phrase “attitude is everything” into practice．

Whatever you decide to do in life, your attitude will have a great effect on the success you achieve．Success , whether in the world of business or in your personal life, is directly related to your attitude, and the attitude you bring to your work．A positive attitude will help you achieve greater success in your job, no matter what your current level of employment．

1.According to the text, Sam Walton __________．

   A．is more successful than Bill Gates

    B．has given readers some tips about success

    C．has never dealt with unpleasant situations

    D．is one of the most successful businessmen

2.One useful way of carrying out “attitude is everything” is__________．

   A．not letting others affect your decisions

   B．not making friends with people who are unsuccessful

   C．keeping the people who surround you positive

   D．getting some advice from successful business owners

3.What’s the best title for the text ?

   A．Attitude Determines Your Success

   B．Motivation Tips From Successful People

   C．Ways To Deal With Unpleasant Situations

   D．Making Friends With Positive People

 

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案