Dictionaries are not closed books. There is still plenty of room for more words in these great vocabulary authorities.

Dictionaries are not closed books. There is still plenty of room for more words in these great vocabulary authorities. New words are continually being created and added to our language. And many of today's word experts can credit a famous mathematician with the creation of the method by which they develop many new words. The mathematician was an Englishman named Charles L. Dodgson. In addition to working with figures, Dodgson wrote books. His imaginative stories and poems have made Dodgson beloved to generations of readers. We know him, however, not by the name of Dodgson but by his pen name, Lewis Carroll.

Lewis Carroll has delighted countless readers, young and old, with Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, and numerous poems. In these works, Carroll developed dozens of nonsensical words such as "chortle" and "galumph". Many of these words are combined naturally with more common words in the English language. Carroll referred to his made-up words as "portmanteau" words, named after a kind of leather suitcase that opens into two compartments. The name was well suited, because most of Carroll's words had two compartments. Rather than being entirely fabricated（虛構(gòu)）, they were usually made from the combined parts of two different words. A "snark", for example, clearly came from a snake and a shark.

Although Carroll died long ago, his technique continues to be used today. We clearly see his influence in such words as smog, brunch, and guesstimate.

1.What does the underlined sentence probably mean according to the passage?

A. Dictionaries are open to the public.

B. Dictionaries are helpful to the public.

C. Dictionaries are ready to welcome new words.

D. The vocabularies in dictionaries are limited.

2.Dodgson's made-up words ________.

A. are based on different words

B. are borrowed from other languages

C. all come from his poems

D. are still widely used

3.This passage is mainly about ________.

A. how Dodgson wrote his works

B. how English words are created

C. how a dictionary is written

D. how Dodgson created new words

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：選擇題

3．It Is ________ great comfort that many drivers have realized drunk driving is ________ invitation to accidents．（　�。�
A．a；/B．a； anC．/；theD．the； an

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

4．Knuckle-popping（指關(guān)節(jié)砰砰響）
Do you slurp（咕嚕）soup？Do you pop bubble gum？If you do，your habits won't help you win friends-but they're fun．But how about knuckle-popping？Not you does this hobby give people around you the"willies（[俚]神經(jīng)緊張），"but cracking knuckles can lead to monster knuckles（異乎尋常的響聲），and maybe-to arthritis （關(guān)節(jié)炎）．
At least，most people think knuckle-popping is bad．Well，there's no doubt that the people who have to listen to knuckles being snapped（啪地一聲折斷）can't stand the sound．But how bad is it for the knuckle-popper？
A doctor has looked into this indoor sport．He says it's not harmful．Dr．Robert L．Swezey found that his son was cracking his knuckles．And the kid's grandmother thought it was terrible．So Dr．Swezey went to a home for the aged．He studied the knuckles of old people there．Only one out of fifteen old people who said they cracked their knuckles all their lives had something wrong with their finger joints．Also，five out of twelve women who never cracked their knuckles had trouble with their joints．So if you want to go on popping your knuckles，Dr．Swezey says if OK，even if his son's grandma still doesn't like it．
28．People who hear others cracking their knucklesA．
A．a(chǎn)re bothered．
B．don't notice the sound
C．start to crack their own knuckles．
D．feel it's as had as slurping soup．
29．When Dr．Swezey went to the old-age-home，what did he find out about old people who had cracked their knuckles？C
A．Only one old people had something wrong with their finger joins．
B．Only old women had cracked their knuckles．
C．About 6.7percent of the old people had something wrong with their finger joints．
D．The old people were all well．
30．Which of the following is right？D
A．Slurping soup and popping bubble gum are food habits．
B．Cracking knuckles will lead to arthritis．
C．No one likes cracking his knuckles．
D．Some women who didn't crack their knuckles had something wrong with their finger joints．
31．If you pop your knuckles，Dr．Swezey thinks you might as wellA．
A．go on doing it．
B．stop at once．
C．a(chǎn)void people who do it．
D．not do it around your friends．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆河南省新鄉(xiāng)市高三第二次模擬測試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game.

Why is poker(撲克)so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players’ cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents’ hands from their actions----tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.

Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold’s Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神經(jīng)的)networks and reinforcement learning(強化學(xué)習(xí)).

Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.

Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”

After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.

1.Why can’t the computer beat humans at the poker game?

A. Because humans are cleverer than the computer

B. Because humans practice playing the poker game every day

C. Because the computer can’t know the other players’ cards completely

D. Because the computer can’t learn the regular rules of the poker game

2.What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Leaves B. Defeats C. Cheats D. Serves

3.What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?

A. It solves problems correctly every time

B. It is the same as the learning of humans

C. It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task

D. It is more developed than the studying ways of humans

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. The new procedure of AI has some features of humans

B. Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect

C. Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever

D. Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆陜西省高三4月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

One summer, Aunt Betta and Uncle Bill invited me to travel with them back home to Pennsylvania. I had never been___________Los Angeles and was eager to meet our relatives.

Our first night, we drove through the desert, and then through roads cut through hills. The next day we went through the Rocky Mountains. It was___________driving up long inclines（斜坡） with abrupt U-shape turns on the steep hillsides, then driving_____________slowly with great caution. Beyond Colorado, we drove through miles of _______, where I saw actual food being grown. I_________some of the crops.

In one small town we passed through, Aunt Betta decided I needed new___________and took me to a country _______. I was used to_________dresses and skirts. Now I had my first pair of jeans, a flannel shirt, shorts and a T-shirt. I loved them all.

_________ we reached our destination. Uncle Bill's aunt had a perfect little two-story house. The first thing I ________was a bed in a cute little room — for me! I looked forward to that. It would be like sleeping in a dollhouse. In the backyard, I saw red things____________the back fence. Uncle Bill's uncle said, "I think you never ate a __________tomato in L.A." I hadn't. He ___________picked one for me.

I met all my new aunts, uncles and cousins. My cousins taught me how to do cartwheels (惻手翻) in the big front yard. Country people have more__________, I thought.

All the adults cried when we ____________, but I took home all the ____________of everything I'd seen. Back in L.A., my lungs hurt when I took a deep breath. I ____________ the fresh air. I dreamed of homegrown tomatoes. My country clothes seemed out of ____________, but I wore them anyway.

I was two weeks late starting____________, but I told my teachers only that I'd been in Pennsylvania and decided to ____________all the rest to myself. If only they could have experienced everything that I did!

1.A. outside B. across C. in D. to

2.A. boring B. embarrassing C. frightening D. confusing

3.A. away B. past C. out D. down

4.A. buildings B. farmland C. hills D. rock

5.A. recognized B. found C. planted D. harvested

6.A. clothes B. crops C. toys D. tools

7.A. hotel B. pub C. path D. store

8.A. preparing B. sewing C. buying D. wearing

9.A. At last B. Above all C. For the moment D. On the contrary

10.A. took B. searched C. noticed D. owned

11.A. flying over B. growing up C. circling above D. packing into

12.A. red B. ripe C. homegrown D. manmade

13.A. accidently B. gradually C. immediately D. temporarily

14.A. ideas B. materials C. interest D. space

15.A. drove B. talked C. left D. met

16.A. copies B. memories C. pictures D. pleasures

17.A. breathed B. missed C. forgot D. preferred

18.A. shape B. sight C. work D. place

19.A. vacation B. journey C. school D. work

20.A. keep B. owe C. describe D. give

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科目：高中英語 來源：四川省2016-2017學(xué)年下期高二3月月考英語試卷 題型：完形填空

Today we had an American family, the Robinsons, for Sunday dinner. Mr.Robinson is my mother's co?worker.

Mr and Mrs.Robinson and their two young______ came at about 6：00 p．m. Mrs.Robinson gave Mum a bunch of fresh flowers，______ color, freshness and their good will. Mum did the _______and it was left to ourselves to get to know each other. The two girls Judy and Annie and Xiao Hong had ______ fun with our little cat.

Mrs.Robinson is much ______ than her husband. There was a moment of embarrassment when Granny asked about her ______. Mum was about to apologize______ Mrs.Robinson laughed and said it was quite all right and that she had been here ______ enough to know it's the Chinese custom. She ______ told us that she was 32, though her husband was 52.

And of course they entirely ______ the dinner. Like a perfect Chinese hostess, Mum and especially Granny, ______ stuffing(填)them with food and urging them to eat and to drink, apologizing all the time that it's a homely meal.______， Mrs. Robinson said to Mum, “In the West any hostess would be proud of such a feast instead of apologizing for it, and we don't urge the guests to eat or drink. ______ so many good things before me, I certainly don't need any urging. The ______ is how to prevent myself overeating.” We all ______ laughter at that.

When they ______ to leave, they thanked us not only for the excellent dinner, but for giving them such a nice ______. Besides, they insisted on giving every one of us a hug and a kiss, ______ did embarrass me. But I think Granny was really ______ when they kissed her.

It's surprising how a little good will on both sides can ______ language and cultural barriers.

1.A. sons B. babies C. daughters D. friends

2.A. bringing B. taking C. fetching D. adding

3.A. decoration B. direction C. introduction D. reception

4.A. powerful B. hopeful C. speechless D. endless

5.A. older B. younger C. thinner D. taller

6.A. marriage B. age C. belief D. salary

7.A. while B. when C. but D. and

8.A. luckily B. happily C. long D. short

9.A. honestly B. gradually C. excitedly D. loudly

10.A. prepared B. tasted C. enjoyed D. swallowed

11.A. continued B. stopped C. suggested D. kept

12.A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead

13.A. For B. With C. Over D. As

14.A. danger B. pain C. question D. problem

15.A. broke out B. gave off C. burst into D. set out

16.A. came B. hurried C. got D. rose

17.A. day B. time C. meal D. gift

18.A. they B. it C. which D. that

19.A. touched B. frightened C. disappointed D. encouraged

20.A. change B. improve C. damage D. break

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學(xué)年河南省漯河市高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：短文改錯

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。

文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多著（從第11處起）不計分。

With the development of people’s living condition, more and more people possess their own cars. Some of us think it is good to own a car. For instance, it’s convenient, fast and comfortable means of transportation. Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger. It also made relative businesses and industries develop faster.

However, others have different opinions, thinking that cars give up waste gasses and pollute the environment around. Too much cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents and crowdedness. Besides, lack parking lots is another big problem.

As far as I’m concerned, we ought to think careful before buying cars. As if we have cars, we may use it less.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：短文改錯

10．假如英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文．文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處．錯誤涉及單詞的增加、刪除或修改．
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號∧，并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞．
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線\劃掉．
修改：在錯詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．
注意：1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2）只允許修改10處，多者從第11處不計分

I like travelling and my dream of paying a visit for Beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the National Day holidays this year．On October 1st，I went to Tian'anmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flag-raising ceremony．As I watched the flag rising slowly，I sang a national anthem，feel extremely excited．Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall．Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly．I thought the old saying that"He who do not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．"Although I was tired，but I really had a good time．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

11．Family trip
Most kids hate to see their summer end，perhaps none more than the Murset children．This summer，the Murset family decided to travel across the country to help families in need，which proved to be a wonderful experience．
People．com reported that Gregg Murset and his wife，Kami，decided to take their six children，ranging from 7to 16years old，from their home in Phoenix，Arizona，across the country to spend 20days on the road to help 25families in need．"I told the kids and my wife over breakfast that I wanted to do this，"Gregg Murset，40，told People．com．"They all looked at me like I was crazy，"he said，"but when we started to read the stories of people we were going to help，their attitudes completely changed．"
Through Gregg's company，he was able to be matched with groups such as Autism Speaks，the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society，and others that connected the Mursets to families with children who have cancer and other serious illnesses．
"When you have a kid who is struggling，the last thing you're thinking of is cleaning the house，"says Gregg．
The family traveled to many cities in their journey，including Albuquerque，Denver，Kansas City，Chicago，and Buffalo．The trip covered 6，500miles．"It's been amazing to watch my own children open their eyes and see that the world is bigger than they think，"he said．"Even the little kids are learning from this experience．"
And the families they've helped feel blessed to have met them．"They showed up at 8a．m．a(chǎn)nd we had a list of things we needed help with，"said Jim Spencer，a 61-year-old father in Warren，Michigan，whose 12-year-old daughter，Lexi，was diagnosed（診斷） with cancer a couple of years ago．
The Mursets also used their travels as an opportunity to visit areas they had never been to，including the Statue of Liberty．But for Gregg，the main purpose of the trip was to teach his children to show concern for the happiness of other people rather than for themselves．
"There is nothing wrong with your kid getting off the sofa，doing some work and sweating，"said Gregg．"It's good for the kid and it's good for the soul．"

45．How did the kids feel when Gregg Murset first told the family about his plan？A
A．Amazed．
B．Excited．
C．Disappointed．
D．Worried．
46．What did the family mainly do during their trip？D
A．They toured places of interest．
B．They visited patients in hospital．
C．They worked with social groups．
D．They helped families in need of help．
47．During the trip，Gregg most wanted his kids toC．
A．increase physical exercise
B．gain more geography knowledge
C．learn to be concerned about others
D．improve their communication skills．

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