Question

【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts 【1】 our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants 【2】(make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun 【3】 (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft,【4】 they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is 【5】(great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than 0.1 rem without 【6】(damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is 【7】 it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered 【8】 the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated (積累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply don't know yet 【9】 men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage 【10】(do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】as

【2】to make

【3】are screened

【4】if

【5】the greatest

【6】being damaged

【7】that

【8】until

【9】how

【10】done

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。太空是一個很危險的地方，不僅僅是因為有流星，更因為來自于太陽和其它星星的輻射。這些輻射對身體造成的傷害不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，甚至要到生育幾代人后才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。宇航服及宇航船也不能為宇航員擋住所有的輻射。

【1】考查介詞。句意：在地球上，大氣層起到保護傘的作用�！俺洚�、起……作用”可翻譯為act as，故填as。

【2】考查不定式。句意：光透過來，這對于植物生產(chǎn)我們所吃的食物是必需的�！皩δ橙藖碚f是必要的”應翻譯為be essential for sb. to do sth.，故填to make。

【3】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：各種各樣的光線從外太空穿過空氣，但是大量的太陽輻射被屏蔽掉了�！�screen off”意為“關閉，屏蔽”，分析句子成分可知，but后這個分句缺少謂語動詞，并且主語radiation與screen off之間是被動關系，所以用這句話應用被動語態(tài)。由于主語radiation被量詞quantities of所修飾，表達復數(shù)意義，所以謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。根據(jù)全文的時態(tài)可知，這篇文章使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are screened。

【4】考查狀語從句的連詞。句意：人們一離開大氣層，他們就暴露在各種輻射中，但是他們的宇航服和飛船的艙體，如果他們在里邊，的確可以為他們減少很多輻射傷害。根據(jù)句意，如果人們在飛船內(nèi)部，飛船的艙體才能為他們減少輻射傷害。這是一個條件狀語從句，“如果”可翻譯為if，故填if。

【5】考查形容詞最高級。句意：輻射是太空中探險者已知的最大的危險。known是一個過去分詞，修飾danger，表示已知的危險。空格處單詞修飾這個名詞短語，所以用形容詞。句中有表范圍的“在太空中”，所以空格處填形容詞最高級。故填the greatest。

【6】考查動名詞的被動語態(tài)。句意：科學家們有理由認為人可以忍受遠超過0. 1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害。這是一個賓語從句，與damage相關的邏輯主語是a man，a man與damage之間是被動關系，所以空格處使用被動形式。又由于空格位于介詞后，所以空格處使用動名詞。所以空格處填動名詞的被動形式。故填being damaged。

【7】考查表語從句。句意：麻煩的是確定輻射傷害是非常困難的。位于系動詞后這是一個表語從句，從句部分it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage是一個完整的句子，不缺句子成分，所以使用連接詞that。故填that。

【8】考查固定句型。句意：一個人可能感覺很好，但是她/他的細胞或者性器官已經(jīng)被損傷，這要到畸形的孩子或者甚至是孫子出生才能被發(fā)現(xiàn)�？崭袂坝�not，“not…until”可翻譯為“在……之前，直到……才”，符合句意。故填until。

【9】考查賓語從句。句意：我們還不知道當人們在太空實驗室里工作時，需要在大氣層外度過幾周或幾個月，會怎么樣。根據(jù)句意，“get on”在這里意為“融洽相處、生活”，根據(jù)句意，我們還不知道人們在太空度過幾周或幾個月后會怎么樣，所以使用連接詞how。

【10】考查過去分詞。句意：藥物可能會幫助減少輻射傷害，但是目前還沒有找到真的有效的藥物。but前小分句中謂語動詞為might help，所以空格處填非謂語動詞。the damage與do之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。故填done。