Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist(微生物學家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation(發(fā)酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
小題1:Pasteur became ___________ in 1854.
A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C．the general manager of a large beer-making company
D．the president of the University of Lille
小題2:According to the passage, Lille was a major center for ___________ in the mid-19th century.
A．growing grain cropsB．making beer and wine
C．doing chemical researchD．producing various kinds of yeasts
小題3:In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to ___________.
A．wine and beerB．food and drinks C．the various yeastsD．other organisms
小題4:We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.
A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B．did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C．has done a lot of good to children in the world
D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
小題5:According to the passage, we know it is        that causes food and drinks to go bad.
A．a(chǎn) purely chemical process.B．tiny living organisms(微生物)
C．keeping them in airtight containers.D．the heating process

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:B

試題分析：文章介紹Louis Pasteur通過實驗證明微小的活的微生物會讓食物變質(zhì)，如果要保鮮食物和飲料可以將它們放在真空的容器中，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)對孩子的健康有很大好處。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從文章第一段的句子：In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,可知Pasteur在1854年的時候，成為Lille大學科學系的主席，選A
小題2:細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：可知Lille大學在19世紀是制作啤酒和烈性酒的中心。Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.選B
小題3:猜詞題：從第一段的句子：He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,可知食物和飲料會被空氣中的微生物弄壞，而它們?nèi)绻旁谡婵盏娜萜髦芯蜁ｕr，they指的是食品和飲料，選B
小題4:推理題：從文章第二段的句子：The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.可以推斷出：Pasteur 的發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界上的兒童有很大的好處，選C
小題5:細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad.可知微小的活的微生物會讓食物變質(zhì)，選B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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A．sinceB．before
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小題2:
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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From the story I got to know that happiness      hides behind every tiny thing that you are involved in, and that you may only get pleasure through       work and creativity.
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So my dear friends, just remember happiness is a state of mind and a matter of      , and I       you all a life of happiness.
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A．pointed toB．referred toC．turned toD．kept to
小題2:
A．layB．belongedC．stoodD．laid
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A．a(chǎn)part fromB．instead ofC．other thanD．for fear of
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A．satB．stoodC．gotD．rowed
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A．joyB．sorrowC．curiosityD．hope
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A．mustn’tB．shouldn’tC．couldn’tD．needn’t
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A．declaredB．thoughtC．a(chǎn)ddedD．a(chǎn)ssumed
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A．UnlessB．WheneverC．UntilD．However
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A．neverB．a(chǎn)lwaysC．everD．seldom
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A．cautiousB．endlessC．hardD．effective
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A．experienceB．a(chǎn)voidC．enjoyD．deny
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A．searchingB．seekingC．hopingD．improving
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A．spiritualB．niceC．newD．material
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A．bodyB．partC．soulD．head
小題17:
A．blamingB．praisingC．endingD．cursing
小題18:
A．turnB．putC．divideD．draw
小題19:
A．timeB．energyC．factD．choice
小題20:
A．wishB．promiseC．bringD．require

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different – a place to find friends. It’s called the Friendship Bench. And it’s the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary – a girl named Acacia Woodley.
Acacia’s attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board – “what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?” It’s a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. “You need to believe in your dreams. If you don’t believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true.” She said.
Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself – kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. “Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to,” she said. “I don’t care that I’m different. I like being different.”
The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it – words such as “hope”, “respect”, “l(fā)isten” and “dream”. Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother.
Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids – or grown-ups – to fill that need. “It’s a perfect idea,” Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. “It’s something we’ve needed so badly.”
The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. “There’s a saying in my teacher’s classroom,” Acacia said. “It says, ‘it you can dream it, you can achieve it.’”
小題1:What is the function of the first sentence in Paragraph One?
A．To explain the meaning of getting benched is sports.
B．To introduce the important role “bench” plays in sports.
C．To introduce what the author wants to say in the text to us.
D．To tell us that the passage is connected with the word “bench”.
小題2:What can be learned about Acacia from the passage?
A．She is disabled but leads an active life.
B．She has a deep understanding of life.
C．She finds it difficult to achieve her goals.
D．She finds herself always in need of help.
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Acacia has also suffered from other kids’ bullying.
B．The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.
C．Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.
D．The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．More Friendship Benches will be installed in other schools soon.
B．Students stop bullying other schoolmates at Palm Bay Elementary.
C．The students at Palm Bay Elementary have become more friendly.
D．Acacia has become a very important figure at Palm Bay Elementary.
小題5:What is the best title of this passage?
A．Acacia’s New Invention
B．The Friendship Bench
C．Help from a Special Bench
D．Getting Benched in School

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