A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Foods can go bad if they get too warm. But for many of the world’s poor, finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult. Refrigerators are costly and they need electricity.
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸發(fā)) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
小題1:Which is the best title of the passage?
A．A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage
B． A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling
C． Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses
D． The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature
小題2:What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A．the structure of the invention
B．the usage of the invention
C．the cost of the invention
D．the inspiration of the invention
小題3:What is it that essentially keeps the food in the container from spoiling?
A．the wet cloth covering the cooling system.
B．the moving drier air outside the container
C．the wet sand between the containers
D．a(chǎn) drop in temperature by evaporation
小題4:According to the passage, where can we possibly see the invention?
A．rich and advanced families
B．scientific experiment laboratory
C．poor and underdeveloped area
D．supermarket needing to store goods
小題5:We can know from the passage that Mohammed Bah Abba ____________.
A．invented the controversial cooling system
B．financed the systems in all communities
C．received financial assistance for his invention
D．invented more complicated cooling system later

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:C
小題5:C

試題分析：文章介紹了穆罕默德巴林神父發(fā)明的“罐內(nèi)冷卻系統(tǒng)”的儲(chǔ)藏食物的方法。他利用兩個(gè)套在一起的罐子中間的濕沙子蒸發(fā)水分降溫的原理來(lái)保存食物。這一發(fā)明還獲得了瑞士的勞力士公司授予他的“勞力士雄才偉略大獎(jiǎng)”。
小題1:主旨題，通過(guò)閱讀全文可知本文介紹了一種降溫方法來(lái)防止食物腐壞。故選B。
小題2:推理題，閱讀第三段可知介紹了這種發(fā)明的組成和原理。故選A。
小題3:推理題。根據(jù)第五段中“The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees.”蒸發(fā)的過(guò)程會(huì)產(chǎn)生幾度的溫度下降，根據(jù)常理可知降低了溫度會(huì)使食物保鮮。故選D。
小題4:推理題，閱讀文章可知這個(gè)發(fā)明最初是在尼日利亞北部的人們使用，后整個(gè)尼日利亞人們都是用，再后來(lái)還在其他非洲國(guó)家的農(nóng)民中流行起來(lái)，由此可知是在不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和窮人中運(yùn)用。故選C。
小題5:推理題，根據(jù)文章最后一句“ Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.”獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥?huì)獲得財(cái)務(wù)援助以幫助開(kāi)發(fā)和擴(kuò)大他們的項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)文章可知穆罕默德巴林神父也獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，因此可知穆罕默德巴林神父獲得對(duì)他的發(fā)明的財(cái)務(wù)支持。故選C。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.
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A．a(chǎn)re not yet certainB．have proved to be wrong
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
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Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here's how they work:
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In films, dads change from cruel men to loving souls. Here is a list of good and bad movies dads .Atticus Finch in To kill a Mockingbird（殺死一只知更鳥(niǎo)）
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Jack Torrance in The Shining
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George Bailey in It's a Wonderful life
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Darth Vader in The Empire Strikes Back（帝國(guó)大廈）
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A． An actor.B． A novelistC． A movie director.D． A translator.
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C．It's a Wonderful LiftD．The Empire Strikes Book
小題4:What happened to Luke?
A．He lost his hand in an accident
B．His father changed him into a cyborg.
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What if I took that big jump on my bike?What’s the worst thing that could happen if I go out at midnight?Should try smoking?The teen years can play out like a choose-your-own-adventure novel.
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So what makes the teenager’s brain so complex? What drives adolescents-more than any other age group-to sometimes make rash or questionable decisions?
If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something. Experts Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development.The process helps prepare teenagers to confront the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience-yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period.Nor is it unique to people:Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development.
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A．Teenagers make endless choices
B．The teenage brain drives them to be different
C．How the teenage brain develops
D．Researches about the teenagers
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B．It means“you lose your way”．
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D．It means“you are off the point”.
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B．have advantages over others.
C．loSe his confidence even his life.
D．experience no failure and live Iongest.
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B．Young mice like to stay with their mothers.
C．Mice also experience a period to explore the world.
D．Mice experience different stages.
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A．How call a teenager make right choices
B．Why the parents shouldn’t allow teenagers to smoke
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime.
A welcoming planet
Scientists say Earth’s neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth’s size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface.
Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles（裝置）. Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft(航天器) and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life.
But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.
_____________________________________
But before you start packing your bags, let’s consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months.
Scientists already know that time away from Earth’s gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do?
And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won’t survive very long in their new home.
Tiny Dangers
There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.
Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us .
Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星細(xì)菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out.
Worth the $$$?
A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion(萬(wàn)億). How can we justify spending that much when so many problems—poverty, disease—could use the cash here on Earth?
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the “A welcoming planet” part?
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小題2:Which of the following can best fill in the blank in the passage?
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B．Martian germs may be brought back to Earth.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world．But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism （雙語(yǔ)能力） are even more important than being able to converse with a wider range of people．Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter．It can have a deep effect on your brain, improving skills not related to language and even protecting against a serious mental disorder in old age．
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"It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving．" In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr．Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, showing that they did better in it．
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A．interruption forced a bilingual's brain to strengthen its thinking ability
B．a(chǎn) second language stopped children's studying as well as mental development
C．using two languages annoyed the children who have trouble in learning skills
D．language systems were busy in a bilingual's brain when he was using languages
小題2:The underlined word "switch" in Paragraph 3 probably means "______"．
A．changeB．useC．speakD．study
小題3:What is the author's attitude towards bilingualism?
A．Cautious．B．Doubtful．C．Concerned．D．Favourable．
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Bilinguals Use Languages
B．What Bilingualism Is Really about
C．Why Bilinguals Are More Intelligent
D．When People Learn a Second Language

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

[1] More than 40 million Americans move each year, but not always by choice. Whether you relocate because of a new job or school for you or your spouse, for a lower cost of living, or for better opportunities, adjusting to life in a new place can be scary and difficult--especially when you’re not in love with your new city. Here are some tips on how to make the most of your relocation and find happiness in your new home.
[2] Treat it as an adventure
Living in a new place is a great opportunity to experience new things and to grow as a person. So stay positive, and get out there and explore! Sample the local cuisine. Visit landmarks and museums. Try local activities that weren’t available or popular in your former city, such as skiing if you came from a beach town or surfing if you lived in the mountains. You may discover a talent or interest you never knew you had.
[3] Get involved
Attend local events that interest you. Visit the weekly farmer’s market or the neighborhood yard sale. Volunteer. Take a class. Join a sports league. All of these things will help you meet people and feel connected to your new town.
[4] Locate the necessities
Driving, riding, or walking around your new neighborhood is the best way to learn where everything is. So head out and take note of the nearest supermarket, pharmacy, post office, library, etc.
[5] Keep pieces of your old home
To keep from getting too homesick, subscribe to your former city magazine or newspaper. Display photos of or souvenirs from your favorite places in your old town. Hang decorations from your former home. Just don’t go overboard—hanging on to too much from your past will keep you from moving forward and really enjoying your new home.
[6] _________
It takes time to get to know a new place, so don’t expect to feel comfortable right away. Give yourself time to adjust. To help the process and to meet new people, find a support group near you at Just Moved.org.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about? (within 15 words.)
                                                                                  
小題2:What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? (within 7 words)
                                                                                  
小題3:According to the passage, what can you do to learn where everything is?( within 5 words)
                                                                                  
小題4:Fill the blank with proper words. (within 5 words)
                                                                                  
小題5:If you are a new comer, where to find a support group near you based on this passage? (within 3 words)
                                                                               

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone may all have the experience of feeling anxious and stressed when having a rough day or having some troubles. Different people may choose different ways to deal with it, and for most people a break for a 10-minute walk may be quite useful.
Anyway, here is another way around: to get a piece of chewing gum, and chew it. According to a Swinburne University of Technology study, gum-chewing has been found to “relieve anxiety, improve alertness(機(jī)敏性) and reduce stress among individuals in a laboratory setting.”
Some may argue that a laboratory is not the same as an office. But check out the conditions of the study: individuals were monitored while performing “a group of ‘multi-tasking’ activities.” Doesn’t it sound like the situation in the office?
Here’s a summary of some of the study’s findings:
Gum chewers showed a reduction in anxiety as compared to non-gum chewers by nearly 17 percent during mild stress and nearly 10 percent in appropriate stress.
Gum chewers showed improvement in alertness over non-gum chewers by nearly 19 percent during mild stress and 8 percent in moderate stress.
Improved Performance: Chewing gum resulted in a big improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities.
Although these aren’t major improvements, every little bit works and chewing a piece of gum is a lot quicker and easier than slipping outside for a 10-minute walk. So, how does gum work this magic? In part it does so by lowering the level of cortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)—a steroid(類固醇) hormone that is released in response to stress in your system.
A few words of advice before you reach for the gum: don’t crack your gum, and be sure to chew it with your mouth closed. In fact, I’d say keep the gum out of meetings, because it really looks impolite to others around you.
小題1:From the study in the text we know that_________________.
A．gum chewers may lack alertness
B．gum chewers tend to be less stressed
C．gum chewers can finish many jobs perfectly
D．gum chewers can reduce their anxiety and anger easily
小題2:How does gum work to reduce stress according to the text?
A．It works by improving alertness.
B．It works by allowing a 10-minute walk.
C．It works by reducing one’s level of cortisol.
D．It works by being chewed in a laboratory setting.
小題3:Which one may the author probably agree with?
A．People should chew gum with their mouths closed in a meeting.
B．It is impolite to chew gum in a meeting with people around you.
C．People can crack gum freely when meeting friends.
D．People should be careful when chewing gum at home.
小題4:What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How to chew gum.B．How to relieve stress.
C．Why people love chewing gum.D．Chewing gum can relieve stress.

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