What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority（優(yōu)先）over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices.
　　In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail— other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
　　Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical（合乎道義的）or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or catch our vulnerability(弱點(diǎn)). Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
　　Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution（美國憲法）.
小題1:According to the passage, persuasion means ________.

A．changing others’ point of view

B．exercising power over other people

C．getting other people to consider your point of view

D．getting people to agree with you and do what you want

小題2:The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means“________”.

A．win

B．fail

C．speak

D．listen

小題3:The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.

A．a(chǎn) danger to society	B．difficult to do well
C．unwelcome behavior	D．never successful

小題4:The passage mainly discusses ________.

A．people’s different opinions towards persuasion

B．the reasons why people persuade

C．that persuasion is both good and bad

D．that persuasion is important and it is all around us

You are enjoying the beautiful scenery in a quiet place, but suddenly the peace and quiet is interrupted（打斷）by the noisy sound of a cellphone(手機(jī))! Cellphones are everywhere, and some people don’t know what the limits of cellphone use are.
For me, it’s just a matter of education, good manners, and common sense. If I go to a beautiful place, it is because I want to enjoy nature. I can do it, but without bothering (打擾) other people.
Nowadays, that’s the biggest problem. People disturb other people, first with the ringing of their cellphones and then with their conversations because they usually speak very loudly. Not everybody in a public place should have to listen to private conversations (私人談話). Even more annoying, you hear just one part of the conversation.
People need to learn how to use cellphones correctly. If there is an emergency (緊急情況)，cellphones are acceptable, but remember that just a few years ago few people had cellphones and the whole society survived!
But again, not everybody wants to listen to other people’s private conversations. It’s like smoking. People don’t want to be bothered by smokers. Our society has to learn to respect other people.
Sometimes when you are talking to someone, that person interrupts the conversation because of a cellphone call, without saying “I’m sorry.” That is bad manners. They don’t know how to respect other people. It’s just common sense! But our society is sometimes so “common senseless!” So, we have to write some rules to prohibit（禁止）cellphone use in some places.
小題1:What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Cellphone Manners Are a Must	B．How to Use Cellphones
C．Don’t Disturb Others	D．The Popularity (流行) of Cellphones

小題2:According to the author, what is the biggest problem nowadays?

A．People are disturbed by those who use cellphones.

B．People can’t hear the other part of the conversation.

C．Private conversations are carried out on cellphones.

D．Not everyone uses a cellphone in public places.

小題3:By saying “People don’t want to be bothered by smokers” (Para. 5), the author  really means _____.

A．smoking also does harm to other people’s health

B．people don’t want to listen to others talk

C．people don’t want to be bothered by cellphone talkers

D．some people don’t want others to smoke

小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．If we interrupt the conversation with a cellphone call, we should say sorry.

B．Some of the cellphone users don’t have good manners.

C．Before using cellphones, we must know how to respect others.

D．People who use cellphones are not interested in beautiful scenery at all.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
小題1:By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

A．university researchers know little about the commercial world

B．there is little exchange between industry and academia

C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research

小題2:What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A．Flexible work hours.	B．Her research interests.
C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.	D．Prospects of academic accomplishments.

小題3:Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A．do financially more rewarding work	B．raise his status in the academic world
C．enrich his experience in medical research	D．exploit better intellectual opportunities

小題4:What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

B．Develop its students’ potential in research.

C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D．Gear its research towards practical applications.

“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’ s probably worth listening to.
Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’ re a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (樹樁) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’ s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it’ s practical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not  spot the message.
It’s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “l(fā)ucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.
I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence(巧合)? After reading about Professor Wiseman’ s studies I think not.
As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational (理性)thinking, but it’s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential （潛在）problem.
Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
小題1:Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer’ s point?

A．Make the best of a bad job.

B．Rome was not built in a day.

C．All is not gold that glitters.

D．A good heart conquers ill fortune.

小題2:What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?

A．She became famous through her family background.

B．She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks （挫折）in her life.

C．She is a British talk show host.

D．She became successful by her own effort.

小題3:The writer quoted（引用） the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________.

A．luck is in your own hand

B．bad luck can turn into good

C．you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you

D．man can conquer nature

小題4:From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion that________.

A．lucky people are quick-minded

B．unlucky people are slow to read

C．lucky people often have an open mind

D．unlucky people are more creative

小題5:The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“________”．

A．discover

B．mark

C．make

D．receive

 1 Year, 47 Issues
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About The New Yorker Magazine:
The New Yorker is the eclectic magazine for readers interested in the arts, current events, and culture. The New Yorker includes articles on domestic and international news, exploring current ideas and trends, plus sports, fashion, and entertainment events. In addition, The New Yorker is well known for publishing outstanding short fiction and cartoons with an ironic twist.

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About Playboy Magazine:
Playboy is a magazine of literature, political thought, sports, commentary and humor. Although Playboy is most well-known for its pictorials (插圖)of beautiful women, it is also highly regarded for its interviews and fiction writing. Playboy includes regular feature articles on finance, sports, self-improvement, technology, and psychology. You must be 18 or older to order Playboy.

1 Year, 10 Issues
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About Nick Magazine:
Nick is filled with wonderful entertainment for children, ages 6 to 14. It is wholesome (對(duì)身心有益的), imaginative, and truly from a child’s point of view. Nick sees the world from your child’s perspective (視角). Share the award-winning entertainment and humor magazine from Nick with your kids.
  
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About Lucky Magazine:
Lucky is the ultimate shopping magazine with the best looks, the best buys, and the best trends before they hit the stores. But what makes it really unique is all the detailed information you’ll get on how to purchase the merchandise (商品) you’ll find. Lucky provides you with 800 numbers, web site addresses, and more to make your shopping experience easy and convenient! Lucky is your one-stop shopping guide to all the greatest new products on the market. What’s more, it provides wonderful entertainment for women.
小題1:Which magazine gives buyers the cheapest price according to the advertisements?

A．The New Yorker

B．Playboy

C．Nick

D．Lucky

小題2:What is the striking feature of the Lucky magazine?

A．It supplies much entertainment for women and children.

B．It contains many outstanding novels and cartoons.

C．It is famous for beautiful pictures of beautiful women.

D．There’s much detailed information on how to find new products on the market.

小題3:If you are a housewife, which magazine will you probably buy?
A. A. The New Yorker        B. Lucky           C. Nick        D. Playboy
小題4:What information is contained in all the four magazines?

A．Sports

B．Entertainment

C．News

D．Trends

Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused mainly by minor national competitions.
　One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation（憤慨）after a hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser’s objection to the final decision. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was very angry and he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension（停賽）of the team for at least three years.
　The American basketball team announced that they would not give up the first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their competition. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player popped the ball into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury discussed the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
　Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sports are played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism（愛國主義）.
小題1:According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ________.

A．caused national pride for athletes

B．created goodwill between the nations

C．hardly showed any international friendship

D．led to less misunderstanding between countries

小題2:What did the manager mean by saying “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?

A．His team would no longer take part in international games.

B．There should be no hockey matches organized by the Federation.

C．Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.

D．The International Hockey Federation should be dismissed forever.

小題3:By taking the basketball game for example, the author wants to prove that ________.

A．too much patriotism was displayed in the games

B．the announcement to prolong the match was wrong

C．the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision

D．the team was right in refusing to accept the silver medals

小題4:What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A．Sports should be played for the love of one’s nation.

B．Unfair decisions are common in the Olympic Games.

C．International competitions will lead to misunderstanding.

D．The organization for the Olympic Games must be reformed.

As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself”（DIY）trend in the US continues to grow.
“We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Roses took a 2-week course for $280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $520. “I was deeply upset about it. Now I have finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
小題1:We can learn from the text that many newly married people__________.

A．find it hard to pay for what they need

B．have to learn to make their own furniture

C．take DIY courses run by the government

D．seldom go to a department store to buy things

小題2:John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to __________.

A．run a DIY shop	B．make or repair things
C．save time and money	D．improve the quality of life

小題3: Jim decided to become a do-it-yourselfer when__________

A．his car repairs cost too much	B．the car repair class was not helpful
C．He couldn’t possibly do two jobs	D．keeps house and looks after his children

小題4: When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim_________.

A．makes shoes in his home	B．does extra work at night
C．does his own car and home repairs	D．keeps house and looks after his children

As we all know, any country has good reasons to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible. This led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. France has developed into a country in which all citizens can get most of the health treatment free. The money for this is partly from the people who are willing to offer.
But there are different opinions about the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than expected. This means that the people who work for the Health Service --- doctors, nurses and other hospital workers, have much more work to do, and as a result they have little time for preventive treatment.
However, the tough problem is that as many people are able to receive treatment more expensive than they can pay, sometimes people go and visit their doctors when they don’t really need to. As there are many patients, doctors cannot spend time long enough with each patient. So some people prefer to pay for their own treatment so that their doctors can examine them more carefully. In fact, some rich people feel that they should pay more free money, which would be given to other citizens.
小題1: France is described as an example to show that __________.

A．people have to pay part of the medical care

B．everyone in France enjoys free medical care

C．it is a country with the Health Service

D．it is a very rich country in Europe

小題2: What is the problem in the Health Service?

A．Money is not enough to employ more medical workers.

B．There are not enough well-treated doctors.

C．People can get more preventive treatment.

D．Doctors and nurses are not working hard.

小題3: Why do many people go and see the doctors even when they really don’t need to?

A．To keep himself even more healthy.	B．To receive treatment free of charge.
C．To take back some expensive medicine.	D．To get necessary protective treatment.

小題4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．The Health Service is quite successful so far.

B．People should not go to the doctors unless necessary.

C．There is much to improve the Health Service.

D．The rich should be allowed to pay for the treatment.

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive(欺騙)? When someone tells you something that is true，but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture．
For example，someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner，right? Maybe，maybe not．We then discover that he bought $ 200 worth of tickets，and only one was a winner．He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false，but he left out important information on purpose．That’s called a half-truth．Half truths are not technically lies，but they are just as dishonest．
Some politicians often use this trick．Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term，her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs．Then she seeks an  other term．One of her opponents(對(duì)手)says，“During Governor Smith’s term，the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true．However，an honest statement would have been，“During Governor Smith’s term，the state had a net gain of two million jobs．’’
Advertisers will sometimes use half—truths．It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth．An advertisement might say，“Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache．”It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company．
This kind of deception happens too often．It’s a sad fact of life：Lies are lies，and sometimes the truth can 1ie as well．
小題1:How much did the lottery winner lose?

A．one hundred dollars．	B．Two hundred dollars．
C．Three hundred dollars．	D．Four hundred dollars．

小題2:We may infer that the author believes people should ________.

A．buy lottery tickets if possible	B．make use of half—truths
C．be careful about what they are told	D．not trust the Yucky Company

小題3: How many examples does the writer give to show how the truth is used to deceive?

A．One．

B．Two．

C．Three．

D．Four．

小題4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Using half truths is against the law．

B．Technically，half truths are in fact lies．

C．Yucky Pills is a very good medicine for toothache．

D．Governor Smith did a good job during her last term．

小題5:Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A．He’s really a big loser!

B．Sometimes the truth can lie as well．

C．Advertisers will sometimes use half truths．

D．It’s against the law to make false statements．

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict(迷),” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled(皺的).” Today David wears casual clothes — khaki pants and a sports shirt — to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday).This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for workers has really become an everyday thing,” said business adviser Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study made by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work. Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
小題1:David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because ______________.

A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt

B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance

C．he wanted his clothes to look tidy and clean all the time

D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes

小題2: David Smith wears casual clothes now, because ______________.

A．they make him feel at ease when working

B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes

C．he looks handsome in casual clothes

D．he no longer works for any company

小題3:According to this passage, which of the following is FALSE?

A．Many workers don’t like a conservative dress code.

B．Comfortable clothes make workers more productive.

C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young workers.

D．All the employers in the U.S. are for casual office wear.

小題4:According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.

B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.

C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.

D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

小題5: In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT ______________.

A．saving worker’s money

B．making workers more attractive

C．improving worker’s feeling

D．making workers happier